Crazy talk : a study of the discourse of schizophrenic speakers
著者
書誌事項
Crazy talk : a study of the discourse of schizophrenic speakers
（Cognition and language : a series in psycholinguistics）
Plenum Press, c1979
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注記
Bibliography: p. 209-221
Includes index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
This book is a study of discourse-the flow of talk-of schizophrenic speakers. Our goal is to understand the processes which account for the ordinary flow of talk that happens all the time between speakers and lis- teners. How do conversations happen? What is needed by a listener to follow a speaker's words and respond appropriately to them? How much can a speaker take for granted and how much must be stated explicitly for the listener to follow the speaker's meanings readily and easily? Each time we ask these questions, we seem to have to go back to some place prior to the "ordinary" adult conversation. This time, we have tried reversing the questions and asking: What happens when conversa- tion fails? Prompted in part by an early paper by Robin Lakoff to the Chi- cago Linguistics Society and by Herb Clark's studies of listener processes, we wondered what a speaker has to do to make the listener finally stop making allowances and stop trying to adjust the conversational contract to cooperate. This inquiry led us to the schizophrenic speaker.
When a listener decides that the speaker's talk is "crazy," he or she is giving up on the normal form of conversation and saying, in effect, this talk is ex- traordinary and something is wrong. We thought that, if we could specify what makes a conversation fail, we might learn what has to be present for a conversation to succeed.
目次
1 Thought Disorder and Language Use in Schizophrenia.- I. Discourse Failures and the Schizophrenic Speaker.- A. "Schizophrenia" and Discourse Failures.- B. Defining "Thought Disorder".- C. "Thought Disorder" and Schizophrenia.- II. Studies of Language Use in Schizophrenia and Their Premises.- A. The Reviewers.- B. Studies of Language Use in Schizophrenia: The Early Premises.- C. Experimental Studies and Their Premises.- D. Naturalistic Studies and Their Premises.- III. The Study of the Schizophrenic Speaker in Light of Prior Work.- A. Three Issues.- B. The Common Problems.- IV. A Final Comment.- A. Goals.- B. Two Caveats.- 2 Procedures.- I. Introduction.- II. Describing the Sample.- A. Speakers.- B. Speech Contexts.- III. Preliminary Analyses.- A. Statistical Procedures.- B. Description of the Samples.- C. Discussion.- 3 Cohesion.- I. Introduction.- A. The Place of Cohesion in Halliday's Linguistic System.- B. Categories of Cohesive Ties.- C. The Advantages of Cohesion Analysis.- D. The Disadvantages of Cohesion Analysis.- II. Cohesion Procedure.- A. Data Base.- B. Coding Cohesion.- C. Reliability of Coding Cohesion.- III. Results.- A. Total Cohesive Ties.- B. Amount of Cohesion.- C. Distribution of Cohesive Ties.- D. Summary.- IV. Discussion.- A. Context Effects.- B. Group Effects.- C. Lexical Factors in the Interviews of TD and NTD Speakers.- D. High Lexical Cohesion as Evidence of Dysfunction.- E. Summary.- 4 Reference as a Speech Art.- I. Reference and Phoricity.- A. An Introduction.- B. Some Key Distinctions.- II. Procedures.- A. Basic Unit of Analysis.- B. Reliabilities.- C. The Reference Network.- III. Analyses of Nominal Group Structure.- A. The Complexity of Nominal Groups.- B. Rank-Shifting over All Nominal Groups.- C. Cartoon Contexts.- D. Rank-Shifting in the Presentation of Information.- IV. Discussion of Complexity in Nominal Groups.- 5 Presenting Information in Texts.- I. Introduction.- A. Nonphoric Reference.- B. Procedures.- II. General Reference.- A. Analyses.- B. Discussion of Generic Reference.- C. Summary of General Reference Analyses.- III. Presenting Participants in the Text.- A. Analyses.- B. Discussion.- C. Summary:.- 6 Presuming Information from the Culture and from the Situation.- I. Text and Context.- II. Presuming the Context of Culture.- A. Unique and Homophoric Reference.- B. Analysis.- C. Discussion.- D. Summary.- III. Presuming the Situational Context.- A. Introduction.- B. Psychological Processes in the Use of Definite Reference.- C. Analyses.- D. Retrieval Analyses.- E. Discussion of Retrieval Analyses.- F. Summary.- 7 The Discourse of Schizophrenic Speakers: A Discussion.- I. Introduction.- II. Discriminating among the Groups of Speakers.- III. Implications of the Results for the Language Abilities of Schizophrenic Speakers.- A. Depth of Processing and the TD Speaker.- B. Stratal Slips.- C. Evidence for Stratal Slips.- IV. Some Hypotheses to Account for Discourse Failure.- A. Language versus Thought as the Essential Problem in "Thought Disorder".- B. Evidence of Lateralized Dysfunction in Schizophrenia.- C. "Thought Disorder" and the Diagnosis of Schizophrenia.- D. Summary.- Appendix 1.- Appendix 2.- References.
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