A primer on sediment-trace element chemistry

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書誌事項

A primer on sediment-trace element chemistry

by Arthur J. Horowitz

Lewis Publishers, c1991

2nd rev. ed

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注記

Rev. ed. of: A primer on trace metal-sediment chemistry. 1985

Includes bibliographical references and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

This book provides a basic introduction to sediment-heavy metal interactions and how sediment chemical data can be used to address environmental questions and issues. It is designed to promote self-teaching and is written so that students and professionals with a minimum of formal training in the environmental sciences can understand it. The book addresses all of the major physical and chemical factors that control sediment-trace element chemistry, as well as sampling and sampling design, data manipulation, and data interpretation. Following in the steps of the successful first edition, which was used as a text for a three day short course for U.S. Geological Survey professionals interested in sediment trace chemistry and its application to water quality issues, A Primer on Sediment-Trace Element Chemistry, 2nd Edition is ideal for academics, geochemists, chemists, hydrologists, environmental lawyers, and water quality professionals needing a comprehensive introduction to this field.

目次

Introduction. IMPORTANCE OF SEDIMENTS TO AQUATIC TRACE ELEMENT CHEMISTRY. MONITORING STUDIES. SUSPENDED VERSUS BED SEDIMENTS-UTILITY FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF STUDIES. PARTITIONING OF TRACE ELEMENTS BETWEEN DISSOLVED AND SOLID PHASES. RIVERINE TRANSPORT OF TRACE ELEMENTS BY SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS. COMPARISON OF TRACE ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS IN SUSPENDED AND BOTTOM SEDIMENTS VERSUS DISSOLVED LEVELS. EFFECT OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION ON RIVERINE TRANSPORT OF TRACE ELEMENTS. HISTORICAL LEVELS. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS AFFECTING SEDIMENT-TRACE ELEMENT CHEMISTRY. INTRODUCTION. PHYSICAL FACTORS. Grain-Size Ranges and the Effect of Grain Size. Chemical Analysis of Various Grain Sizes in Bottom Sediments. Chemical Analysis of Various Grain Sizes in Suspended Sediments. Effect of Grain Size on Trace Element Concentrations in Samples Collected From the Same Basin. Comparison of Samples Having Similar Bulk Chemistries But Differing Grain-Size Distributions. Effect of Grain Size on Sediment-Associated Chemical Transport at Differing Discharge Rates. Measuring Grain-Size Distributions. Effect of Surface Area. Importance of Surface Area to Sediment-Trace Element Concentrations. Measuring Surface Area. CHEMICAL FACTORS. Cation Exchange Capacity. Composition-Significant Sedimentary Trace Element Collectors. Introduction to and Utility of Chemical Partitioning. Chemical Partitioning Methods. THE INTERRELATIONSHIP AND RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF SELECTED PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS AFFECTING SEDIMENT-TRACE ELEMENT CHEMISTRY. Relative Importance of Physical and Chemical Factors to Sediment-Trace Element Chemistry. Interrelationship of Grain Size and Surface Area. Interrelationship of Grain Size and Geochemical Substrate. Interrelationship of Surface Area and Geochemical Substrate. Interrelationship of Grain Size, Surface Area, and Geochemical Substrate. Predicting Sediment-Trace Element Concentrations Using Physical and Chemical Factors. SEDIMENT-TRACE ELEMENT DATA MANIPULATIONS. LIMITATIONS OF ANALYTICAL DATA. CORRECTIONS FOR GRAIN SIZE DIFFERENCES. Selecting the Appropriate Grain-Size Range. Mathematical Corrections Versus Physical Separations. CARBONATE CORRECTIONS. NORMALIZATION TO "CONSERVATIVE" ELEMENTS. EFFECTS OF APPLYING CORRECTIONS TO SEDIMENT-TRACE ELEMENT DATA. SAMPLING SEDIMENTS. SAMPLING SEDIMENTS-GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. BOTTOM SEDIMENTS. Sampling Surficial Sediment. Sampling Sediments at Depth. Single Samples Versus Composite Samples. SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS. Cross-Sectional Spatial Variations in Suspended Sediments. Cross-Sectional Temporal Variations in Suspended Sediments. CONCLUSIONS AND GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. SELECTED REFERENCES.

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