Symbolic action theory and cultural psychology
著者
書誌事項
Symbolic action theory and cultural psychology
（Recent research in psychology）
Springer-Verlag, c1991
- : gw
- : us
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注記
Bibliography: p. 368-379
Includes index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Gustav Jahoda University of Strathclyde Ever since psychology emerged as a separate discipline about a century ago, there have been differing views as to what it is or ought to be. Some, like Ebbinghaus, saw it as a budding natural science, experimental and quantitative. Others, like Dilthey, regarded psychology in the main as a humane field of study, historical and interpretative in character. The dichotomy of "explaining" versus "understanding" has been a subject of debate ever since. Regrettably, most of the protagonists of these respec tive positions tend to view them as mutually exclusive, in spite of the fact that already Wundt had stressed that "hard" experimental and "soft" VOlkerpsychologie are both equally important. For the major part of the present century the field has been largely dominated by advocates of "hard-nosed" scientific approaches, typified first by Behaviorism and, latterly, cognitive psychology which concen trates on central processes involved in cognition. Without in any way wishing to denigrate the undoubted achievements of cognitive psycholo gy, it has its limitations that are epitomized by T. H. Huxley's dictum "The great end of life is not knowledge but action". This might well serve as the motto for the action theory of Ernest Boesch, who is one of several prominent psychologists out of harmony with the prevailing ethos. They travel under different banners such as "social constructivism", "ethogen ics" or "hermeneutics", but all share reservations about what many feel is the arid "scientism" of the mainstream.
目次
Introductory Commentary.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Experiencing Culture.- 2.1 First Initiation.- 2.2 Denotative and Connotative Meaning.- 2.3 Goals and Barriers.- 3 Culture: An Action-Theoretical Definition.- 3.1 Culture is a Field of Action.- 3.2 The Contents of the Cultural Field of Action.- 3.3 Culture Defines Possibilities and Conditions for Action.- 3.4 Culture is both a Structure and a Process.- 4 Action-Theoretical Concepts.- 4.1 Some Introductory Remarks.- 4.2 The Concept of Action.- 4.2.1 Action and Acteme.- 4.2.2 The Polyvalence of Goals and Processes.- 4.3 The Phases of Action.- 4.3.1 The Initial Phase of Action.- 4.3.2 The Process Phase of Action.- 4.3.3 The Terminal Phase of Action.- 4.4 Action Relationships.- 4.4.1 Action-Action Coordination.- 4.4.2 Action-Subject Coordination.- 4.4.3 Inter-Individual Coordination.- 4.4.4 Ecological Coordination.- 4.5 Action Field and Action Spheres.- 4.6 Connotations and Symbolism of Action.- 4.6.1 The Dimensions of Symbolism.- 4.6.2 The Pervasiveness of Symbolism.- 4.6.3 Concerning the Anthropological and Psychological Conception of Symbols.- 4.6.4 Symbol and Sign, Public and Private.- 4.6.5 Symbols and Ritual.- 4.6.6 The Focussing of Symbols.- 4.6.7 The "Secondary" Symbols.- 4.7 "Overt" and "Covert" Action.- 4.7.1 Praxic Actions.- 4.7.2 Referent Actions.- 4.8 Is-versus Should-Values and Ranges of Tolerance.- 4.9 The Action Potential.- 4.10 Resistance, Limitations, and Barriers.- 4.11 Dominant Goals of Action.- 4.11.1 Superordinate and Overarching Goals.- 4.11.2 Myths and Fantasms.- 4.12 The Consciousness of Actions.- 4.13 Conflict.- 4.13.1 Intrapersonal Conflict.- 4.13.2 Interpersonal Conflict.- 4.14 Stabilization and Innovation.- 5 Space and Time.- 5.1 Space.- 5.1.1 Objective and Subjective Space.- 5.1.2 The Action Organisation of Space.- 5.1.3 The Symbolic Dimensions of Space.- 5.2 Time.- 5.2.1 Duration and Sequences.- 5.2.2 External Time.- 5.2.3 Recall and Future.- 6 Objects.- 6.1 General Aspects of Man-Object Relationships.- 6.2 Objectivation and Subjectivation.- 6.3 The Symbolism of Objects.- 6.4 Instrumentality and Consumptions.- 6.4.1 An Instrumental Object: Money.- 6.4.2 Still Money: Demonstration and Secrecy.- 6.4.3 Consumption.- 6.5 The Aesthetic Object.- 6.5.1 Beauty and Pleasantness.- 6.5.2 The Experience of Traces.- 6.5.3 The"Bridging Object".- 6.6 The Magical Object.- 6.6.1 Connotations of Magical Objects.- 6.6.2 Empathy, Monks and Amulets.- 6.6.3 The Transfer of Magical Power.- 6.7 Order and Disorder: The Constellation of Objects.- 7 Myths and Fantasms.- 7.1 Freud and Levi-Strauss: Variations in Interpretation.- 7.2 Myths, Mythemes and Myth-Stories.- 7.3 The Role of Fantasms.- 7.4 The Impact of Fantasms on Myths: Narcissus.- 7.5 Examples of Myth-Fantasm-Interactions.- 7.5.1 Individual Development: An Example from Psychotherapy.- 7.5.2 Fantasm and Myth in Art: Picasso's "Guernica".- 8 The I and the Others: Identity and Empathy.- 8.1 Identity.- 8.1.1 From I to Self.- 8.1.2 The I and the Body.- 8.1.3 Identity and Objects.- 8.1.4 The Ideational Sources of Identity.- 8.2 Empathy.- 9 Epilogue.
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