Coastal economies, cultural accounts : human ecology and Icelandic discourse
著者
書誌事項
Coastal economies, cultural accounts : human ecology and Icelandic discourse
Manchester University Press , Distributed exclusively in the USA and Canada by St. Martin's Press, c1991
大学図書館所蔵 全13件
  青森
  岩手
  宮城
  秋田
  山形
  福島
  茨城
  栃木
  群馬
  埼玉
  千葉
  東京
  神奈川
  新潟
  富山
  石川
  福井
  山梨
  長野
  岐阜
  静岡
  愛知
  三重
  滋賀
  京都
  大阪
  兵庫
  奈良
  和歌山
  鳥取
  島根
  岡山
  広島
  山口
  徳島
  香川
  愛媛
  高知
  福岡
  佐賀
  長崎
  熊本
  大分
  宮崎
  鹿児島
  沖縄
  韓国
  中国
  タイ
  イギリス
  ドイツ
  スイス
  フランス
  ベルギー
  オランダ
  スウェーデン
  ノルウェー
  アメリカ
注記
Includes bibliographical references (p. 173-191) and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
This work addresses theoretical questions regarding economic production, particularly in relation to fisheries, emphasizing the ways in which human-environmental interactions are represented in social discourse, among both indigenous producers and anthropologists. The first chapter explores some of the parallels between two kinds of theoretical discourses, one on production and the other on language, each of which may be characterized as a "language of nature". These discourses suggest a rigid dichotomy between the individual and the superorganic (society or culture), placing production and the act of speaking outside society. The producer and the speaker are presented as autonomous individuals posited by nature; they become intermediaries rather than agents, incapable of consciously modelling their own activities. An alternative, social approach emphasizes that human action, whether it be the appropriation of nature or verbal communication, is consciously motivated and necessarily embedded in human relations. The next three chapters deal with the analysis of different kinds of cultural models in the history of a particular discourse.
Chapter 4 discusses the phase of peasant production in Iceland. In peasant society, there was a "natural" ceiling on production. Accordingly, in the folk model the human producer was seen to be a passive recipient of value. A series of anomalous and imaginary water-beings mediated between the domains of land and sea, between human society and nature. Chapter 5 discusses the changes in the economic rationality of Icelanders that took place when the domestic economy gave way to both petty entrepreneurial fishing and large-scale capitalist production for an expanding market at the end of the 19th century. As labour became a commodity and the previous ceiling on production was removed, a new model was developed which redifined both the domain of the natural and earlier notions of work and productivity - a model with conceptions of nature, production and human agency very different from those of the previous one. The new model underlined the economic role and the abilities of the fishing skipper, emphasizing human agency and the role of the individual in the production process.
Competition for prestige, capital and labour fostered the idea that the skippers' abilities to locate and catch fish determined the size of their catch. At the same time, production discourse became gender-specific. Chapter 6 deals with the third phase of Icelandic fishing, the period for "scientific" management. With increased concentration of capital in recent years, the declining importance of labour and the integration of the industry with the state, a new cognitive succession has taken place.
目次
- Social theory and human ecology - the speaker and the producer - the "household" and the individual, structure, agency, and history
- anthropological discussions of fishing economies - hunters and gatherers of aquatic resources, the definition and the category of fishing, restrictions of access to resources - closure and tenure
- systems of production and social discourse - the relationship between representations and reality, cultural constructs - on fish, production, and gender, concepts and social context - an hypothesis
- the domestication of nature - household production - the production system of medieval Iceland, a "blind date" with the sea, myth and metaphor
- from nature to society - the market economy - the social relations and techniques of expansive fishing, hierarchical models of success, information, competition and social honour
- the domination of nature - the modern state - consolidated capitalism
- changing notices of fishing - the authenticity of the "skipper effect" - competing rationalities - science, equity and power
- beyond the language of nature.
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