Vegetative physiology and biochemistry

Author(s)

• Davson, Hugh

Bibliographic Information

Vegetative physiology and biochemistry

edited by Hugh Davson

（The eye）

Academic Press, 1984-

3rd ed

• v. 1a
• v. 1b

Note

Includes references and indexes

Description and Table of Contents

Volume

v. 1a ISBN 9780122069017

Description

The Eye, 3rd Edition, Volume lA: Vegetative Physiology and Biochemistry is devoted to the vegetative physiology and biochemistry of the eye. The book reviews significant progress in the anatomy of the eye and its physiological and biochemical aspects, particularly the structure of the tissues concerning the ocular fluid, the flow of aqueous humor, measurement of the intraocular pressure, and the macromolecular composition of the vitreus. This edition is organized into four chapters and begins with an overview of the anatomy of the human eye, paying particular attention to the orbit and adnexa, the eyeball, and motor and supporting apparatus of the eye. The reader is then introduced to the formation of ocular fluid, the structures in immediate contact with it in the ciliary body, and the anatomical aspects of the vascular circulation in the ciliary body. An account of the chemistry of the aqueous humor and factors affecting the intraocular pressure is also given. The book concludes by discussing the structure and function of the vitreus, focusing on the gel vitreus and liquid vitreus, as well as the rheological state and concentration of collagen, NaHA and proteins in the vitreus of various species from humans to frogs. This book is of interest to students and researchers in fields ranging from ocular science to physiology and biochemistry.

Table of Contents

List of Contributors Preface Foreword to the First Edition Chapter 1 Anatomy, Orbit and Adnexa of the Human Eye I. Introduction II. The Eyeball A. General Topography B. Tunics of the Eyeball C. Chambers of the Eyeball D. Lens and Zonular Apparatus III. Protective Apparatus of the Eyeball A. The Orbit B. The Eyelids C. The Conjunctiva D. The Lacrimal Apparatus IV. Motor and Supporting Apparatus of the Eye A. Striated Muscles. B. The Non-Striated Muscles C. Orbital Fascia and Fat Acknowledgment References Figures and Legends Chapter 2 Ocular Fluids I. Structure of the Tissues in Relation to the Fluid A. Vascular Circulation B. The Ciliary Body C. Canal of Schlemm and the Vascular Plexuses D. The Iris II. The Flow of Aqueous Humor A. Aqueous Veins B. Passage into the Canal of Schlemm C. Uveoscleral Drainage III. Chemistry of the Aqueous Humor A. Protein B. Non Colloidal Constituents IV. Exchanges of Material between the Plasma and Ocular Fluid A. The Blood-Aqueous Barrier B. The Blood-Viterous Barrier C. The Abnormal Blood-Aqueous Barrier V. Rate of Flow of Aqueous Humor A. Measurement of Transfer Coefficients B. Methods Based on Pressure Measurements C. Conclusions VI. Anterior and Posterior Chamber Dynamics A. Diffusion and Flow B. Losses to Surrounding Tissues C. Transvitreal Flow D. Active Transport out of the Aqueous Humor VII. Chemistry of Posterior and Anterior Aqueous Humors A. General Considerations B. Analytical Results VIII. Mechanisms of Production A. In vitro Studies B. In vivo Studies C. Secretion and Ultrafiltration IX. Changes in Aqueous Production A. Inhibitors of Metabolism B. Hormones X. Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 3 The Intraocular Pressure I. Measurement of the Intraocular Pressure A. Manometric Method B. Tonometers II. The Normal Intraocular Pressure A. Comparison of Techniques B. Pulse C. Effects of Age D. Pressure in Animals E. Diurnal Variation III. Factors Affecting the Intraocular Pressure A. General Considerations IV. Experimental Studies A. Effect of Arterial Pressure B. Venous Pressure C. Osmotic Pressure D. Inhibition of Secretion E. Obstruction to Flow F. Obstruction of Venous Channels G. Effects of Pressure on Rate of Secretion H. Nervous Mechanisms in the Control of the Intraocular Pressure I. Breakdown of the Barrier and Trauma J. Central Control References Chapter 4 The Vitreus I. Introduction II. Gel Vitreus and Liquid Vitreus A. Gel Vitreus B. Liquid Vitreus III. Macromolecular Composition A. Collagen B. Na-Hyaluronate C. Galactosaminoglycans D. Ichthyosan E. Proteins F. Topography of Macromolecules G. Metabolism IV. Structural Elements A. Cells B. Basal Laminae C. Cloquet's Canal D. Fibers E. Zonules V. Low Molecular Weight Substances VI. Development and Aging A. Development B. Aging VII. Physiology A. Maintenance of the Gel Vitreus B. The Matrix Compartment C. The Control of Cell Proliferation and Vascular Invasion References Subject Index

Volume

v. 1b ISBN 9780122069215

Description

The Eye, 3rd Edition, Volume lb: Vegetative Physiology and Biochemistry deals with the vegetative physiology and biochemistry of the eye. The book reviews major advances in the anatomy of the eye and its physiological and biochemical aspects, particularly the cornea and sclera, the ordered state of the lens, and lens development, growth and regeneration. This edition is organized into three chapters and begins with an overview of the mechanical and optical properties of the cornea and sclera and their relationship to the underlying structure of the tissue. This book shows that, in the cornea, the maintenance of the tissue structure requires the constant action of a fluid transport system dependent upon metabolic energy. The pathways of corneal nutrition, the sensitive corneal innervation, and the growth processes in the cornea and sclera are also discussed, emphasizing the mammalian cornea. The next chapter examines the use of physical and chemical techniques to determine how the ordered state of the lens is maintained and why that state is susceptible to chaotropic attack. Finally, an account of the metabolism of the lens and how cataract forms is given. This book is a valuable resource for students and researchers in fields ranging from ocular science to physiology and biochemistry.

Table of Contents

List of Contributors Preface Foreword to the First Edition Chapter 1 The Cornea and Sclera I. Introduction II. Anatomy A. Dimensions B. Structure III. Stroma A. Tissue Mechanics B. Optical Properties C. Diffusion and Flow IV. Limiting Layers A. Mechanical and Optical Properties B. Permeability C. Fluid Pump and Thickness Control V. Metabolism and Nutrition A. Metabolic Activity B. Intermediary Metabolism and Function VI. Neurology A. Innervation B. Function C. Growth, Injury and Trophism VII. The Growth Processes A. Development of Globe B. Epithelium C. Endothelium D. Stroma E. Growth Factors Acknowledgments References Chapter 2 The Lens as a Physiochemical System I. Introduction II. Structural Order in the Lens A. Optical Techniques B. Electron Microscopy C. Physical Techniques Applied to the Intact Lens III. The Optical Properties of the Lens A. Lens Transparency B. Light Scattering in Osmotic Cataracts C. Light Scattering in Other Cataracts D. Increase in Lens Absorbance and Fluorescence in Nuclear Cataracts IV. Role of Membranes in the Lens A. Introduction B. Permeability Properties of Lens Membranes C. Single Channels in the Lens D. Mechanisms of the Control of Lens Membrane Permeability E. Effects of Osmotic Stress on Lens Membrane Permeability F. Effects of Hexose Sugars on Lens Membrane Permeability G. Amino Acid Transport V. Relationships Between Electrolyte and Protein Distribution in the Lens Acknowledgments References Chapter 3 The Lens: Development, Proteins, Metabolism and Cataract I. Introduction II. Lens Development, Growth and Regeneration A. Formation of the Lens and Lens Sutures B. Formation of the Lens Capsule C. Lens Cell Proliferation D. Elongation and Fiber Cell Differentiation E. DNA Synthesis in Development F. The Growth of the Lens: Lens Weight G. Crystallin Ontogeny H. Lens Regeneration III. Non-Protein Constituents of the Lens A. Amino Acids B. Lipids C. Ascorbic Acid D. DNA E. RNA F. Nucleotides G. Metabolic Intermediates H. Inorganic Ions I. Fluorescent Compounds J. Glutathione and Related Peptides IV Structural Proteins of the Lens A. Lens Capsule B. The Water-Soluble Structural Proteins of the Lens C. Actin, Microtubules and Intermediate Filaments D. Insoluble Proteins E. High Molecular Weight Fractions from Clear Lenses F. Changes in Lens Proteins in Aging and Cataract V. Lens Metabolism A. Overall Metabolism B. Enzyme Classification and Kinetics C. Glycolysis D. The Pentose Phosphate Pathway E. The Citric Acid Cycle F. The a-Glycerophosphate Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation G. The Sorbitol Pathway H. Lipid Metabolism I. Amino Acid Metabolism J. Metabolism of Glutathione K. Protein Synthesis L. Proteolysis and Proteolytic Enzymes M. Miscellaneous Enzymes VI. Cataract A. Radiation Cataracts B. Sugar Cataracts C. Toxic Cataracts D. Congenital Cataract E. Calcium and Cataract F. Cataract Secondary to Uveitis G. Traumatic Cataract H. Cold Cataract I. Osmotic Cataracts J. Deficiency Cataracts K. Multifactorial Cataract L. Conclusions on Experimental Cataract M. Human Cataract of Unknown Aetiology N. Cataract Therapy and Prevention Acknowledgments References Subject Index

by "Nielsen BookData"

Details

• NCID: BA13601426
• ISBN:
  • 0122069013
  • 0122069218
• LCCN: 83073325
• Country Code: us
• Title Language Code: eng
• Text Language Code: eng
• Place of Publication: Orlando ; New York ; Tokyo
• Pages/Volumes: <v. 1; in 2 >
• Size: 24 cm
• Classification:
  • LCC : QP475
  • DC19 : 612/.84
• Subject Headings:
  • LCSH : Eye
• Parent Bibliography ID:
  • BA04255914