The Tlingit Indians

著者

• Emmons, George Thornton
• De Laguna, Frederica

書誌事項

The Tlingit Indians

George Thornton Emmons ; edited with additions by Frederica de Laguna and a biography by Jean Low

（Anthropological papers of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 70）

University of Washington Press , American Museum of Natural History, c1991

注記

Includes bibliographical references and index

Maps on lining papers

内容説明・目次

内容説明

Lieutenant George Thornton Emmons, U.S.N., was station in Alaska during the 1880s and 1890s, a time when the Navy was largely responsible for law and stability in the Territory. His duties brought him into close contact with the Tlingit Indians, whose respect he won and from whom he gained an understanding of and respect for their culture. He became a friend of many Tlingit leaders, visited their homes, traveled in their canoes when on leave, purchased native artifacts, and recorded native traditions. In addition to an interest in native manufacturing and in the more spectacular aspects of native life - such as bear hunting, Chilkat blankets, feuds, and the potlatch - Emmons showed the ethnographer's devotion to recording all aspects of the culture together with the Tlingit terms, and came to understand Tlingit beliefs and values better than did any of his nonnative contemporaries. He was widely recognized for his extensive collections of Tlingit artifacts and art, and for the detailed notes that accompanied them. At the request of Morris K. Jesup, president of the American Museum of Natural History (which had purchased Emmons's first two Tlingit collections), and on the recommendation of Franz Boas, Emmons began to organize his notes and prepare a manuscript on the Tlingit. During his retirement, he published several articles and monographs and continued to study and work on his comprehensive book. But when he died in 1945, the book was still unfinished, and he left several drafts in the museum and also in the provincial archives of British Columbia in Victoria, where he had been writing during the last decades of his life. Frederica de Laguna, eminent ethnologist and archaeologist with long personal experience with the Tlingit, was asked by the museum to edit The Tlingit Indians for publication. Over the past thirty years she has worked to organize Emmons's materials, scrupulously following his plan of including extracts from the earliest historical sources. She also has made significant additions from contemporary or more recent authors, and from works unknown ton Emmons or unavailable to him, and has given the ethnography greater historical depth by presenting this information in chronological order. She has also added relevant commentary of her own based on her encyclopedic information about past and present Tlingit culture. With the help of Jeff Leer of the Alaskan Native Language Center, an expert on Tlingit, she has provided modern phonetic transcriptions of Tlingit words whenever Emmons has given native terms in his own idiosyncratic and inconsistent versions of Tlingit. This major contribution to the ethnography of the Northwest Coast also includes a meticulously researched biography of Lieutenant Emmons by Jean Low, an extensive bibliography, and thirty-seven tables in which de Laguna draws together and tightens Emmons's materials on topics such as census data, names of clans and houses, species of plants and their uses, native calendars, and names of gambling sticks. Illustrations include numerous photographs and sketches made and annotated by Emmons. This volume will be invaluable to anthropologists, historians, and the general public - including the Tlingit Indians themselves, to whom it is dedicated. Frederica de Laguna , professor emeritus of anthropology at Bryn Mawr College, is the author of the three-volume Under Mount Saint Elias (on the Tlingit of Yakutat) and numerous other works on Alaska archaeology and ethnography.

目次

Abbreviations Preface: Editing The Tlingit Indians Transliteration of Tlingit Acknowledgments Editor's Introduction: George Thornton Emmons as Ethnographer A Biography by Jean Low: Lieutenant George Thornton Emmons, USN, 1852-1945 THE LAND AND THE PEOPLE Physical Features of Tlingit Territory Climate Flora and Fauna The Tlingit Name Origin of the Tlingit Physical Appearance Character Health and Disease Population SOCIAL ORGANIZATION Introduction Tlingit Tribes Phratry or Moiety Clan House and Household Kinship Crests Display of the Crest Painting of the Face Names Social Classes Chiefs Authority of Chiefs Slaves Law Trade VILLAGES, HOUSES, FORTS, AND OTHER WORKS Villages Houses Domestic Life Other Houses and Shelters Forts Petroglyphs Stone Cairns TRAVEL AND TRANSPORTATION Canoes Manufacture and Repair of Canoes Appurtenances of the Canoe Handling the Canoe Snowshoes Bags, Packs, Boxes and Sleds FISHING AND HUNTING Introduction Religious Aspects of the Food Quest Salmon Fishing Halibut Fishing Herring Fishing Eulachon Fishing Trout Fishing Other Fish and Marine Invertebrates Seal Hunting Porpoise, Sea Lion, and Whale Sea Otter Hunting Land Animal Hunting: Aboriginal Weapons Firearms Land Animal Hunting: Traps and Snares Bird Hunting Hunting Dogs FOOD AND ITS PREPARATION Introduction Salmon Halibut Herring and Eulachon Other Fish and Shellfish Land Animals Sea Mammals Birds Berries and Other Plant Foods Tobacco Drink Fire Making Domestic Utensils ARTS AND INDUSTRIES: MEN'S WORKS Division of Labor Work in Stone "Jade" Men's Tools Work in Horn, Ivory, Shell, and Inlays Work in Copper Copper Neck Rings "Coppers" Work in Iron Work in Silver and Gold Work in Wood Measurements Totem Poles Painting Art ARTS AND INDUSTRIES: WOMEN'S WORK Skin Dressing Sinew and Intestines Basketry Spruce Root Hats Basketry Designs Spruce Root Mats Cedar Bark Weaving The Chilkat Blanket DRESS AND DECORATION Personal Cleanliness Clothing Hair Dressing Ear and Nose Ornaments Labrets Bracelets and Necklaces Face Painting Tattooing THE LIFE CYCLE Birth Infancy and Childhood Naming Girl's Puberty Marriage Death Cremation Ceremonies after the Funeral Shaman's Graves Various Other Forms of Disposal of the Dead Recent Graveyards Inheritance of Property Afterlife, Spirits, Souls, Reincarnation CEREMONIES Music and Dance Tlingit Ceremonialism in the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries House-Building Ceremonies Dedication of the House and Raising a Totem Pole Dick Sa-tan's Potlatch, 1891 A Major Potlatch Ceremony for the Children The Berry Potlatch Dance WAR AND PEACE Early Encounters with Europeans Interclan Warfare Encounters with Americans Aboriginal Warfare Aboriginal Arms and Armor Arms, Armor, and Tactics, Described by the Early Explorers Making Peace Early Accounts of Peace Ceremonies Peace Ceremonies in 1891 and 1877 ILLNESS AND MEDICINE Diagnosis of Illness Cures for External Ailments Medicines for internal Use Other "Medicines" Omens and Amulets SHAMANISM Spirits The Shaman Becoming a Shaman The Shaman's Outfit The Shaman's practice Stories about Shamans Death of a Shaman WITCHCRAFT The Origin of Witches Shaman and Witch Witches, Shamans, and the Authorities GAMES AND GAMBLING The Stick Game The Toggle (or Hand) Game The Dice Game Spinner Gambling in the Russian Era TIME, TIDES, AND WINDS Count Time: Seasons and Days "Moons" of the Year Tides Winds Tables Bibliography Index

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詳細情報

• NII書誌ID(NCID): BA13669984
• ISBN:
  • 0295970081
• LCCN: 90046274
• 出版国コード: us
• タイトル言語コード: eng
• 本文言語コード: eng
• 出版地: Seattle,New York
• ページ数/冊数: xl, 488 p.
• 大きさ: 29 cm
• 分類:
  • NDC8 : 389.53
  • LCC : E99.T6
  • DC20 : 979.8/004972
• 件名:
  • LCSH : Tlingit Indians -- Social life and customs
  • LCSH : Alaska -- Social life and customs
  • LCSH : Emmons, George Thornton
• 親書誌ID:
  • BA04264212