Black Caribs : a case study in biocultural adaptation

著者

• Crawford, Michael H.

書誌事項

Black Caribs : a case study in biocultural adaptation

edited by Michael H. Crawford

（Current developments in anthropological genetics, v. 3）

Plenum Press, c1984

• v. 3

注記

Includes bibliographies and index

内容説明・目次

巻冊次

ISBN 9780306413087

内容説明

While the previous two volumes in this series were based upon methodol- ogy, theory, and the relationship between ecology and population structure, this book can be viewed as an in-depth case study. The population genetics of a multitude of diverse groups geographically distributed throughout the world was examined in the first two volumes. In contrast, this volume focuses upon a single ethnic group, the Black Caribs (Garifuna) of Central America and St. Vincent Island, and explores the interrelationships among the ethnohistory, sociocultural characteristics, demography, morphology, and genetic structure of the group. This volume offers a broad and intensive treatment of the Black Caribs and their interactions with surrounding populations. My interest in the genetics of the Black Caribs was sparked by an accidental meeting in Amsterdam, Holland, in March 1975. A conversation with Nancie Gonzalez at the Applied Anthropology Meetings revealed the "truth-is-stranger- than*fiction" history of the Black Carib peoples of the Caribbean. This was a popUlation with a small-sized founding group and a unique biological success story. Nancie Gonzalez was particularly interested in estimating the Carib Indian admixture in the contemporary Garifuna popUlation. Given my previous experi- ence in estimating Spanish and African admixture in the Tlaxcaltecan population (whose gene pool consisted predominantly of Indian alleles), a group that appeared to be primarily African with some Indian admixture was of great interest. Aside from the ethnohistorical interest, I believe that such a population may add conSiderably to our understanding of the inheritance of complex morphological traits.

目次

1. Problems and Hypotheses: An Introduction.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Ethnohistory.- 3. Unique Characteristics of the Black Caribs.- 4. Central Research Problems.- 5. Contents of This Volume.- References.- I: Sociocultural and Demographic Sections.- 2. The Garifuna in Central America: Ethnohistorical and Geographical Foundations.- 1. Introduction.- 2. St. Vincent Origins.- 3. Dispersal in Central America.- 3.1. St. Vincent to Roatan Island, Honduras, 1797.- 3.2. The Trujillo Core, 1797-1810.- 3.3. Honduran Mosquitia, 1803-1814.- 3.4. Belize, 1802-1832.- 3.5. Western Honduras and Guatemala, 1821-1836.- 4. Patterns of Settlement.- 4.1. Garifuna Culture Realm.- 4.2. Trade Areas.- 4.3. Village Subsistence Region.- 4.4. Settlement Proper.- 4.5. Family Compound.- 5. Summary.- References.- 3. The Changing Vincentian Carib Population.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Prior to 1797.- 2.1. Population Estimates.- 3. Post-1797.- 3.1. 1844 Census.- 3.2. Carib-Creole Contact.- 3.3 Population Effects of Cataclysms.- 3.4. Population Movements.- 3.5. Census of 1931.- 4. Current Population Estimates.- 5. Conclusion.- References.- 4. Garifuna (Black Carib) Social Organization.- 1. Introduction.- 2. St. Vincent Background.- 3. Garifuna Social Organization, Central America.- 3.1. Households in Livingston, 1956.- 3.2. Consanguineal Households.- 3.3. Household Changes in 1975.- 3.4. The Neighborhood.- 4. Discussion.- 4.1. The Future.- References.- 5. Demographic Patterns of the Garifuna (Black Caribs) of Belize.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methods.- 3. Results.- 3.1. Population Size.- 3.2. Family Size.- 3.3. Sex Ratio.- 4. Discussion.- References.- 6. Past and Present Evidence of Interethnic Mating.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Twentieth-Century Accounts.- 3. Nineteenth-Century Accounts.- 3.1. Nineteenth-Century Population Statistics.- 4. The Problem of Genetic Isolation.- 5. Conclusions.- References.- 7. Ethnicity and Mating Patterns in Punta Gorda, Belize.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Setting and Background.- 3. Cultural and Social Differentiation.- 3.1. Language.- 3.2. Occupation.- 3.3. Religion.- 3.4. Physical.- 3.5. Surnames.- 4. Ethnic Relations.- 5. Summary and Conclusions.- References.- II: Morphological Section.- 8. Nutrition and Growth in Early Childhood among the Garifuna and Creole of Belize.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methods.- 2.1. Research Design.- 2.2. Research Techniques.- 2.3. Sample Size and Location.- 2.4. Methods of Analysis.- 3. Results.- 3.1. Comparative Growth of Creole and Garifuna Children.- 3.2. Nutritional Status.- 3.3. Biocultural Factors.- 4. Discussion.- References.- 9. Skin Color of the Garifuna of Belize.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Materials and Methods.- 3. Results.- 4. Discussion.- References.- 10. Dental Variation in Black Carib Populations.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Materials.- 3. Results.- 3.1. Discontinuous Traits.- 3.2. Odontometrics.- 3.3. Two-Dimensional Representations of Discrete Traits.- 4. Discussion and Conclusion.- References.- 11. Anthropometry of Black Caribs.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methods.- 3. Results.- 3.1. Sexual Dimorphism.- 3.2. Factor Analysis.- 3.3. Discriminant Analysis.- 3.4. Analysis of Variance.- 4. Discussion.- 5. Conclusion.- References.- 12. Factors Influencing Blood Pressure Level among the Black Caribs of St. Vincent Island.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methods.- 2.1. Populations Studied.- 2.2. Familial Analysis.- 2.3. Hybrid Analysis.- 2.4. Anthropometric Analysis.- 3. Results.- 3.1. Familial Correlations.- 3.2. Hybridization.- 3.3. Anthropometric Relationship to Hypertension.- 4. Discussion.- 4.1. Familial Correlations.- 4.2. Hybridization and Blood Pressure.- 4.3. Body Build and Blood Pressure.- 5. Conclusion.- References.- 13. Quantitative Analyses of the Dermatoglyphic Patterns of the Black Carib Populations of Central America.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Populations Sampled.- 3. Methods of Dermatoglyphic Analysis.- 3.1. Analytic Methods.- 4. Results.- 4.1. Descriptive Statistics.- 4.2. Intrapopulation Analysis.- 4.3. Interpopulation Comparison.- 5. Discussion.- 6. Conclusions.- References.- III: Genetic Section.- 14. Genetic Structure of the Garifuna Population in Belize.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Material and Methods.- 2.1. Hemoglobins.- 2.2. Phosphoglucomutase (PGM).- 2.3. Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase (6PGD).- 2.4. Adenosine Deaminase (ADA).- 2.5. Serum Proteins.- 3. Results and Discussion.- 3.1. The Hemoglobins.- 3.2. The Haptoglobins.- 3.3. Immunoglobulins.- 4. Conclusion.- References.- 15. Blood Group, Hemoglobin, and Plasma Protein Polymorphisms in Black Carib Populations.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methods.- 3. Results.- 3.1. ABO.- 3.2. Rhesus.- 3.3. MNSs.- 3.4. Lutheran.- 1.1. KeH.- 1.2. Kidd.- 1.3. P.- 1.4. Diego.- 1.5. Duffy.- 1.6. Hemoglobin, Haptoglobin, Transferrin.- 1.7. Other Genes.- 4. Discussion.- References.- 16. Blood Group, Serum Protein, and Red Cell Enzyme Polymorphisms, and Admixture among the Black Caribs and Creoles of Central America and the Caribbean.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methods and Material.- 2.1. Admixture Estimates.- 2.2. Genetic Heterozygosity.- 3. Results and Discussion.- 3.1. Blood Group Systems.- 3.2. Serum Proteins.- 3.3. Erythrocytic Protein Variation.- 3.4. Genetic Heterozygosity.- 3.5. Admixture Estimates.- 4. Conclusions.- References.- 17. Abnormal Hemoglobins among the Black Caribs.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methods.- 3. Results and Discussion.- 3.1. The Sickle Cell Carrier Rate in Black Carib Communities.- 3.2. Correlation of Sickle Cell Carrier Rate in Communities with Malarial Infestation.- 3.3. Sex Distribution of the Sickle Cell Trait.- 3.4. Fertility of Women with the Sickle Cell Trait Compared with Normal Women.- 3.5. The History of Abortions and Stillbirths.- 4. Conclusion.- References.- 18. Immunoglobulin Allotypes in the Black Caribs and Creoles of Belize and St. Vincent.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methods and Materials.- 2.1. Analytic Methods.- 3. Results and Discussion.- 3.1. Gene Frequency Data.- 3.2. Admixture Estimates of Ethnic Composition.- 3.3. Population Structure.- 4. Conclusions.- References.- 19. Genetic Population Structure of the Black Caribs and Creoles.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Biosocial History of the Black Caribs.- 3. Materials.- 4. Analytical Methods.- 4.1. Relationship Matrices.- 4.2. Genetic Maps.- 4.3. Mean Per-Locus Heterozygosity.- 5. Black Carib Population Structure.- 6. Discussion.- References.- 20. Anthropogenetics in a Hybrid Population: The Black Carib Studies.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Sociocultural Background.- 3. Quantitative Biological Variables.- 4. Genetic Variation.- 5. Conclusion.

巻冊次

v. 3 ISBN 9780306415678

内容説明

This volume serves as a follow-up to our previous book, MonoclonalAntibodies- Hybridomas: A New Dimension in Biological Analyses. We continue the theme of monoclonal antibodies and their applications, attempting to cover some of the areas not covered in the previous volume. We again include an appendix de- scribing methods useful to those who ar-e beginning to apply these techniques in their own laboratories. This volume will be followed by another concentrating on the combination of monoclonal antibody techniques with molecular genetic techniques to study structure/function relationships at the level of both the gene and gene product. Roger H. Kennett Kathleen B. Bechtol Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Thomas J. McKearn Princeton, New Jersey IX Acknowledgments Roger Kennett acknowledges the patience and support of his wife, Carol, and his family, friends, and colleagues during the work on this volume, and again thanks, above all, the Lord, Jesus Christ. Kathleen Bechtol wishes to thank colleagues and friends for their support and understanding during the months of preparation of this volume. Tom McKearn acknowledges and thanks his wife, Pat, and his family for their support and encouragement. Xl Contents PART I INTRODUCTION 1 Introduction: Reflections on Nine Years of Monoclonal Antibodies from Hybridomas 3 ROGER H. KENNETT, KATHLEEN B. BECHTOL, AND THOMAS J. McKEARN 1. Biotechnology'S "Coming of Age"...3 II. Monoclonal Antibodies-An Overview of Applications...6 III. Commercialization of Monoclonal Antibody Technology...10 References...13 ...

目次

I Introduction.- 1 Introduction: Reflections on Nine Years of Monoclonal Antibodies from Hybridomas.- I. Biotechnology's "Coming of Age".- II. Monoclonal Antibodies-An Overview of Applications.- III. Commercialization of Monoclonal Antibody Technology.- References.- II Characterization of the Detailed Antigenic Structure of Macromolecules.- 2 Monoclonal Antibodies Directed against the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor.- I. Introduction.- II. Analysis of Acetylcholine Receptor by Monoclonal Antibodies.- III. Monoclonal Antibodies and Myasthenia.- IV. Summary.- References.- 3 Monoclonal Antibodies to Enzymes.- I. Introduction.- II. Literature Review.- III. Enzyme Genetics.- IV. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 4 Monoclonal Antibodies Directed to Cell-Surface Carbohydrates.- I. Introduction.- II. Naturally Occurring Monoclonal Myeloma Immunoglobulins Directed to Specific Carbohydrate Sequences.- III. Monoclonal Anticarbohydrate Antibodies Prepared by Hybndoma Technique.- IV. Applications and Prospects.- References.- III Detection and Isolation of Antigens in Complex Biological Systems.- 5 Adhesion-Related Integral Membrane Glycoproteins Identified by Monoclonal Antibodies.- I. Monoclonal Antibodies as Reagents for the Identification and Purification of Adhesion-Related Membrane Molecules.- II. Isolation of CSAT: An Adhesion-Perturbing Monoclonal Antibody.- III. Characterization of the CSAT Antigen.- IV. Effect of CSAT on Cell Morphology.- V. Effects of Cytochalasin B and Calcium on the Action of CSAT.- VI. Effect of CSAT on Matrix Adhesion.- VII. Localization of CSAT Antigen.- VIII. Hypothesis for the Role of the CSAT Antigen in Adhesion and Morphology.- References.- 6 Monoclonal Antibodies to Cytoskeletal Proteins.- I. Introduction.- II. Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Cytoskeletal Proteins.- III. Identification of Antigens.- IV. Monoclonal Antibodies That Cross-React with Different Molecules.- V Immunofluorescent Localization of Cytoskeletal Proteins.- VI. Use of Monoclonal Antibodies to Isolate and Characterize Microfilaments from Tissue Culture Cells.- VII. Monoclonal Antibody Decoration of the Cytoskeleton at the Ultrastructural Level.- VIII. Microinjection of Monoclonal Antibodies into Living Cells.- References.- 7 Molecular Bases of Neuronal Individuality: Lessons from Anatomical and Biochemical Studies with Monoclonal Antibodies.- I. Introduction.- II. Antibodies to Neural Antigens: A Review of Recent Work.- III. An Experimental System for Studying Neuronal Individuality in Human Tissue.- IV. Striking Paucity of HLA-A,B,C Molecules on Cells of Neuronal Origin.- V. Tissue Distribution of Newly Defined Molecules.- VI. The Role of Protein Families in Cellular Individuality: Neurons May Express Characteristic Members of Widespread Protein Families.- VII. Other Aspects of Neuronal Individuality.- VIII. Protein Families as Building Blocks of Cellular Individuality.- IX. Clinical Applications.- X. Summary and Conclusions.- References.- IV Toward Practical Applications in Medicine.- 8 Monoclonal Antibodies to Human Lymphocytes: Clinical Application in the Therapy of Leukemia.- I. Introduction.- II. Animal Models.- III. Preclinical Studies in Nonhuman Primates.- IV. Clinical Studies.- References.- 9 Monoclonal Antibodies to Human Neuroblastoma Cells and Other Solid Tumors.- I. Introduction.- II. The Potential of Monoclonal Antibodies to Human Solid Tumor Cells.- III. Monoclonal Antibodies to Human Tumor-Associated Antigens.- IV. Monoclonal Antibodies to Human Neuroblastoma Cells.- V. Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 10 Monoclonal Antibodies and Immunoparasitology.- I. Introduction.- II. The Use of Monoclonal Antibodies in Specific Parasitic Diseases.- III. Future Applications of Monoclonal Antibodies in Immunoparasitology.- IV. Summary.- References.- V Developing Areas of Biotechnology.- 11 Production of Human Monoclonal Antibodies.- I. Introduction.- II. Cell Fusion.- III. EBV Transformation.- IV. B-Cell Growth and in Vitro Immunization.- V. Recombinant DNA.- References.- 12 Monoclonal Antibodies and Molecular Genetics: Oncogenes and Oncogene Products.- I. Introduction.- II. Analysis of Molecular Structure with Monoclonal Antibodies.- III. Monoclonal Antibodies and DNA Technology.- IV. Oncogenes and Oncogene Products.- V. Summary and Discussion.- References.- 13 Functional Murine T-Cell Clones.- I. Introduction.- II. Conditions for Cloning T Lymphocytes.- III. Murine T-Cell Clones Reactive with Alloantigen.- IV. T-Cell Clones Reactive with Soluble Antigens.- V. Lymphokine Production by Cloned T Cells.- VI. Phenotypic Characteristics of Murine T-Cell Clones.- VII. Functions of Murine T-Cell Clones in Vivo.- VIII. Summary.- References.- Appendix Additional Methods for Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies and Continuous Cell Lines.- Zdenka L. Jonak and Roger H. Kennett.- Fusion of Nonadherent Human Cell Lines.- Kenneth E. Truitt, James W. Larrick, and James W. Larrick.- ELISA for Immunoglobulin Subclass Determination.- Anselmo Otero and Roger H. Kennett.- Immunofiltration: A Rapid Screening Assay for Detection of Antibodies Directed against Cell Surface Antigens.- Elliott K. Main, Mary Kate Hart, and Darcy B. Wilson.- Binding Inhibition by Cell Extracts.- Lois Alterman Lampson.- Immunoblots and Autoradiography Used to Analyze the Proteins Recognized by Monoclonal Antibodies.- Cheryl A. Fisher and Lois Alterman Lampson.- Peroxidase as an Alternative to Radiolabels for Immunoblotting Assays.- Gerd G. Maul.- The Use of Streptavidin in the Detection of Monoclonal Antibodies.- Rosemary J. Versteegen and Christine Clark.- Solid Phase Identification and Molecular Weight Determination of Cell Membrane Antigens with Monoclonal Antibodies.- Roberto L. Ceriani.- Antigen Localization in Tissue Sections.- Kathleen B. Bechtol.- Microscopic Analysis of Monoclonal Antibody Binding to Agarose-Embedded Cell Lines.- Lois Alterman Lampson, James P. Whelan, and Carol J. Lawton.- Derivation of T-Cell Clones.- Andrew L. Glasebrook and Frank W. Fitch.- Methods for Transfection of Human DNA into Primary Mouse Lymphocytes and NIH/3T3 Mouse Fibroblasts.- Zdenka L. Jonak and Roger H. Kennett.- Cell Lines for Hybridoma Formation and References to Other Methods.

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詳細情報

• NII書誌ID(NCID): BA13714885
• ISBN:
  • 0306413086
  • 0306415674
• LCCN: 79024900
• 出版国コード: us
• タイトル言語コード: eng
• 本文言語コード: eng
• 出版地: New York ; London
• ページ数/冊数: xvii, 395 p.
• 大きさ: 24 cm
• 分類:
  • LCC : GN289
  • DC19 : 573.2/15
  • NDC7 : 496.959
• 件名:
  • LCSH : Human population genetics
  • LCSH : Black Carib Indians
• 親書誌ID:
  • BA03272022