Experimental embryology of vascular plants

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Experimental embryology of vascular plants

edited by B.M. Johri

Springer-Verlag, 1982

  • : gw
  • : us

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Includes bibliographies and indexes

内容説明・目次

内容説明

A long time ago botany used to be regarded as the scientia amabilis, the friendly science, eminently suitable for leisured amateurs. Since then, and particularly in this century, it has grown tremendously in its importance and in its intimate contacts with various other disciplines of science, some of which, like plant genetics and plant physiology, at one time indeed used to be included under the broad term botany. In spite of the fact that such subjects have expanded into major scientific fields of their own, botany, the mother science, continues to maintain its central place: this is because it deals with plants which constitute one of the most vital life-supporting systems of this planet. Furthermore, interacting and benefiting from advances made in other sciences, it has steadily progressed in a number of areas. Experimental embryology of vascular plants is one such field where spectacular advances have been made in recent years. The time is therefore particularly opportune for the publication of an authoritative book on the subject. It is very appropriate that the book has been planned and edited by Professor B. M. Johri, one of India's foremost botanists, whose contributions in embryology, plant morphology and morphogenesis are internationally known. He was closely associated over a number of years with Professor P. Maheshwari, the great botanist and embryologist, to whom the book is dedicated.

目次

1. Introduction.- Scope of the Present Work.- Some Landmarks.- Nutrient Media.- Polyembryony.- References.- 2. Experimental Embryology of Pteridophytes.- Initiation of Antheridia.- Spermatogenesis.- Initiation of Archegonia.- Oogenesis.- Cytological Characteristics.- Biochemical Characteristics.- Maturation of the Egg.- Fertilization.- Attraction of the Sperm.- Penetration of the Egg.- Pattern of Development in Fern Embryos.- Regulation of Developmental Patterns in Fern Embryos.- Surgical Experiments.- Growth of Isolated Embryos.- Biochemical Studies.- References.- 3. Experimental Embryology of Gymnosperms.- Embryogenic Types.- Culture of Embryos.- Developmental Potential of Proembryos.- Experiments with Full-term (Mature) Embryos.- Adventitious Embryo Development.- Culture of Gametophytes.- Microspores and Microgametophytes.- Megagametophytes.- Concluding Remarks.- References.- 4. Flower Culture.- Differentiation in Floral Bud Cultures: Herbaceous Species.- Differentiation in Floral Bud Cultures: Woody Species.- Callusing of Floral Explants and Differentiation.- Reversal of Floral Explants to Vegetative Condition.- Concluding Remarks.- References.- 5. Anther Culture.- Methods of Culture.- Nutritional and Hormonal Conditions for Androgenesis.- Developmental Stage of Microspore and Other Factors for Pollen Division.- Ontogeny of Pollen Embryoids.- Ploidy Status of Androgenic Plants.- Pollen Plantlets from Haploid, Triploid, and Tetraploid Species.- Androgenic Plantlets from Haploid Datura.- Pollen Plantlets from Triploid and Tetraploid Datura.- Concluding Remarks.- References.- 6. Ovary, Ovule, and Nucellus Culture.- Ovaries.- Effect of Growth Substances.- Role of Floral Organs.- Incompatibility Barriers in Hybridization.- Induction of Polyembryony.- Culture of Ovaries of Apomictic Species.- Ovules.- Effect of Growth Substances.- Effect of Physical Factors.- Ovule Culture in Hybridization.- Culture of Unfertilized Ovules.- Nucellus.- Culture of Nucellus from Fertilized Ovules.- Culture of Nucellus from Unfertilized Ovules.- Factors Affecting Nucellar Embryogenesis in Vitro.- Nucellar Embryogenesis in Vitro in Species Other than Citrus.- Concluding Remarks.- References.- 7. Pollen-Pistil Interaction and Control of Fertilization.- The Pollen Grain.- The Pistil.- Pollen-Pistil Interaction.- Pollen Tube Growth.- Chemotropism.- Fertilization.- Incompatibility.- Factors Involved in Recognition.- Pollen-Wall Proteins.- Stigma-Surface Proteins.- Sequence of Recognition and Rejection.- Intraspecific Incompatibility.- Interspecific Incompatibility.- Mechanism of Inhibition.- Intraspecific Incompatibility.- Interspecific Incompatibility.- Methods of Overcoming Incompatibility.- Recognition Pollen/Mentor Pollen.- Intra-Ovarian Pollination and Test-Tube Fertilization.- Concluding Remarks.- References.- 8. Endosperm Culture.- Culture of Immature Endosperm.- Culture of Mature Endosperm.- Embryo Factor.- Histological and Cytological Studies.- Growth Requirements.- Physical Factors.- Chemical Factors and Differentiation.- Concluding Remarks.- References.- 9. Embryo Culture.- Culture of Differentiated and Mature Embryos.- Culture of Proembryos.- Role of Natural Plant Extracts.- Coconut Milk.- Other Endosperm and Plant Extracts.- Chemical Factors of Endosperm Extracts.- Effect of Protein Preparations.- Role of High Osmotic Concentration.- Effect of Growth Hormones.- Comparative Growth of Embryos in Vivo and in Vitro.- Culture of Embryonal Segments.- Concluding Remarks.- References.- 10. Protoplast Culture.- Isolation of Protoplasts.- Mechanical Method.- Enzymatic Method.- Culture of Protoplasts.- Procedure.- Nutrient Media.- Cell Wall Formation and Division.- Regeneration in Protoplast Cultures.- Embryogenesis.- Organogenesis.- Applications.- Somatic Cell Fusion and Hybridization.- Uptake of Micromolecules and Transfer of Genetic Information.- DNA Uptake.- Uptake of Virus Particles.- Bacterial Uptake and Nitrogen Fixation.- Chloroplast Transplantation.- Concluding Remarks.- Isolation of Protoplasts.- Regeneration in Protoplast Cultures.- Somatic Cell Fusion, Hybrids and Selection System.- References.- Plant Index.

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