Down in the dumps : administration of the unfair trade laws

著者

書誌事項

Down in the dumps : administration of the unfair trade laws

Richard Boltuck and Robert E. Litan, editors

Brookings Institution, c1991

  • : pbk

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注記

"The Essays in this volume were presented in draft form to a conference at the Brookings Institution in November 1990"--P. viii

Includes bibliographical references and index

内容説明・目次

巻冊次

: pbk ISBN 9780815710196

内容説明

With the increasing integration of the major economies of the world, trade frictions have also increased. The Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations, once scheduled for completion in December 1990, has been slowed over the issue of agricultural subsidies. The U.S.-Japanese trade relations have continued to be a source of friction between the two countries. At issue in all these disputes is whether the United States and other countries are playing ""fairly"" in the international trade arena.The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) outlines a variety of rules designed to ensure fairness. The United States, like other GATT signatories, has enacted statutes designed, for the most part, to be consistent with the GATT requirements. In this book, Richard Boltuck and Robert E. Litan, joined by a team of attorneys and economists with direct experience in ""unfair trade"" practice investigations, provide the first study of how one of the U.S. governmental agencies charged with implementing the U.S. laws governing unfair trade the Department of Commerce has actually discharged its statutory mission. In particular, the book focuses on the antidumping and countervailing duty statutes, provisions allowing the United States to impose offsetting duties on imports that are sold here at prices below those charged by the producers in their home countries that benefit from subsidies provided by foreign governments to encourage exports. Although these provisions may have once been obscure parts of the U.S. trade laws, they have figured importantly in many recent celebrated trade disputes, including those involving the import of foreign-made semiconductors, steel, lumber, screen displays for laptop computers, word processors, and minivan vehicles. All but one of the authors in the volume are highly critical of the procedures used by the Department of Commerce to calculate margins of dumping and export subsidization. Specifically, they find that at many points in the investigations, both through substantive and procedural requirements, there is a bias toward higher margins, and therefore higher import duties, than is warranted by economic theory; and in some cases by the GATT antidumping and subsidy codes themselves. Significantly, these authors contend that most of the biases can be removed without legislative change, but rather through changes in administrative practice.
巻冊次

ISBN 9780815710202

内容説明

During the past decade the administration of the U.S. trade laws has become increasingly controversial. Trade experts have long questioned the methods used by the Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration, which is responsible for calculating dumping and countervailable subsidy rates on imported goods. This study is the first to bring together attorneys and economists who are experts in the area of trade to examine and criticize the Department's practices and recommend ways to improve them. The critical issue addressed in this book is how trade laws should be applied so that the results are consistent with both economic theory and business behaviour and with the obligations of the US and other countries under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Contending that the laws are administered in a way that tilts toward protectionism, "Down in the Dumps" suggests changes that would not require fundamental changes in law, but rather changes in the way it is administered. Chapters include Richard Boltuck and Robert Litan on an overview of the issues; Tracy Murray on dumping margins methodology; David Palmeter, Joseph Francoise and Jeffrey Anspacher on calculating subsidy rates; David Palmeter on the fairness of administrative procedures; and Robert Baldwin and Michael Moore on the political economy behind the administration of the trade remedy laws. The concluding chapter, by Terence Stewart, criticizes several of the earlier chapters from a persepctive that is generally supportive of current administrative practices.

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