The military orders : from the twelfth to the early fourteenth centuries
著者
書誌事項
The military orders : from the twelfth to the early fourteenth centuries
（New studies in medieval history）
Macmillan Education, 1992
- : hard
- : pbk
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内容説明・目次
- 巻冊次
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: hard ISBN 9780333462348
内容説明
The present volume seeks to summarize recent research on individual orders and is based on a wide range of primary sources, providing a survey of these orders up to the early 14th century. The reasons for the emergence and establishment of military orders on the various borders of Western Christendom and within the West are discussed, as are the military functions and roles which they assumed. The major contribution which they made to the defence and expansion of Western Christendom necessitated considerable funds and reserves of manpower - the ways in which these were obtained are considered, together with the governmental machinery which was developed to enable the orders to carry out their tasks and to utilize their resources effectively. Although their members combined a military with a monastic way of life, the military orders are shown to have differed from other religious foundations not only in their daily routine but also in administrative structure and in their predominantly lay membership. The orders' attempts to increase their wealth helped to provoke criticism, which was also encouraged by the decline of Christian fortunes in the Holy Land.
Proposals for reform were not implemented, but changing circumstances led to a modification of roles in the late 13th and early 14th centuries, while the Temple was destroyed through the actions of the French crown. The final chapter is devoted to these topics.
目次
- Part 1 Foundations and locations: the Templars
- other military orders in the Holy Land
- the Iberian Peninsula
- central and eastern Europe
- within Western Christendom. Part 2 Military activities: roles and functions
- military personnel
- castles and strongholds
- in the field
- naval and other activities. Part 3 Resources and manpower: income
- recruitment. Part 4 Structures and regulations: organization
- ranks
- conventual life. Part 5 Criticism and change: the orders' critics
- changing roles
- the trial of the Templars.
- 巻冊次
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: pbk ISBN 9780333462355
内容説明
This comprehensive survey of the military orders is based on a wide range of primary sources. Besides giving a clear account of the emergence of the orders, it investigates their military significance and the ways in which they obtained necessary funds and manpower. Their governmental structure and daily life are examined, together with the increasing criticisms they faced in the thirteenth century. The book ends with a discussion of the fall of the Templars and the changing roles of other orders in the early fourteenth century.
目次
The Origins of the Institution and the Foundation of New Orders.- The Military Role of the Orders.- Manpower and Resources.- Conventual Life and Organisation Changes in the Later Thirteenth and Early Fourteenth Centuries.
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