Modern concepts of acute and chronic hepatitis
著者
書誌事項
Modern concepts of acute and chronic hepatitis
Plenum Medical Book Co., c1989
- タイトル別名
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Acute and chronic hepatitis
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注記
Includes bibliographies and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
The literature of medicine continues to expand at a remarkable pace. The number of papers and monographs published has increased dramatically in the past five years. Nowhere has this increase been as dramatic as in the field of acute and chronic hepatitis. Why then should there be still another book? Despite the sheer volume of words published, it is still difficult to find in anyone volume a compilation of all of the most significant work. Most mono- graphs have considered either chronic or acute hepatitis, not both. Few works have addressed both the clinician and the basic scientist. This book addresses both of these audiences and considers both of these diseases. It was designed to provide an authoritative but concise assessment of our changing concepts of acute and chronic hepatitis. It covers what is currently known and, based on the most convincing research, believed about these diseases. To fulfill this ambitious goal, only authors with international reputations in their fields of expertise were invited to contribute. In the evolution of our current thoughts on the pathogenesis and manage- ment of acute and chronic hepatitis, our ideas have changed several times.
This book presents the facts as they are known today and, in areas where all the facts are not established, presents the well-founded opinions of those considered to be authorities. The authors present established and usually confirmed data and do not deal extensively with areas of speculation or unconfirmed material.
目次
I. Acute Hepatitis.- 1. History of Acute Viral Hepatitis.- Hepatitis A.- Hepatitis B.- Hepatitis D Virus.- Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis.- Epidemie Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis.- Conclusion.- References.- 2. The Clinical Features of Acute Viral Hepatitis.- Inapparent Asymptomatic Hepatitis.- Symptomatic Hepatitis.- Prodromal Features.- Icteric and Convalescent Phases.- Clinical Variants.- Cholestatic Hepatitis.- Relapsing Hepatitis.- Conclusion.- References.- 3. Histopathology and Ultrastructural Features of Acute Hepatitis.- Morphology of Cellular Alterations in Hepatitis.- Hepatocellular Degeneration, Necrosis, and Regeneration.- Cholestasis, Bile Ductular Proliferation, and Bile Duct Changes.- Sinusoidal Cell Activation and Lobular Inflammation.- Portal Inflammation.- Fibrosis.- Evolution of Acute Viral Hepatitis.- Characteristic Histologic Features.- Different Forms of Acute Viral Hepatitis.- Evidence for Transition to Chronicity.- Differentiation and Immunopathology of Acute Viral Hepatitis, Types A, B, and Non-A, Non-B.- Role of the Liver Biopsy in Differential Diagnosis.- References.- 4. Viral Hepatitis: Extrahepatic Manifestations.- Serum Sickness Prodrome of Acute Viral Hepatitis.- Glomerulonephritis.- Polyarteritis and Other Forms of Vasculitis.- Cryoglobulinemia.- Syndromes Possibly Associated with Viral Hepatitis.- Myocarditis.- Neurologic Disease.- References.- 5. The Serology of Viral Hepatitis: Making Sense out of Alphabet Soup.- Serology of Hepatitis A.- Serology of Hepatitis B.- Classic Considerations.- False-Positive Anti-HBs.- Clinical Value of HBeAg/Anti-HBe.- Clinical Value of IgM-Specific Anti-HBc.- Serology of Hepatitis NANB.- Conclusion: The Bottom of the Bowl.- References.- 6. Modern Concepts of Hepatitis A.- What Is Hepatitis A?.- How Is Hepatitis A Diagnosed?.- Is Hepatitis A Important?.- What Is Hepatitis A Virus?.- How Does Hepatitis A Virus Cause Disease?.- Should HA Be Prevented?.- How Can HAV Infection Be Prevented?.- Can HAV Infection Be Treated?.- What Are the Unanswered Questions Concerning HAV?.- References.- 7. Acute Viral Hepatitis: Hepatitis B.- Histopathologic Features of Acute Hepatitis B.- General Overview of Histopathologic Lesions.- Hepatocellular Necrosis and Inflammation.- Variants and Stages of Acute Hepatitis.- Histologic Prediction of Chronicity.- Bridging Hepatic Necrosis as a Predictor of Chronicity.- Piecemeal Necrosis as a Predictor of Chronicity.- References.- 8. Hepatitis Delta Virus in Acute and Chronic Liver Disease.- Biology, Transmission, and Epidemiology of Hepatitis Delta Virus.- Biology.- Transmission.- Epidemiology.- Acute HDV Hepatitis.- HBV and HDV Co-Infection.- HDV Superinfection of an HBsAg Carrier.- Chronic HDV Hepatitis.- Clinical, Serologic, and Histologic Features.- Natural History of Chronic HDV Hepatitis.- Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prophylaxis.- Diagnosis.- Therapy.- Prophylaxis.- References.- 9. Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis.- Etiology.- Agent.- Serologic Tests.- Multiple Agents?.- Clinical Course.- Acute NANB Hepatitis.- Chronic NANB Hepatitis and Sequelae.- Clinical Diagnosis.- Epidemiology.- NANB Posttransfusion Hepatitis.- Sporadic Endemic NANB Hepatitis.- Epidemic NANB Hepatitis.- Summary.- References.- 10. Uncommon Forms of Viral Hepatitis.- Varicella-Zoster.- Clinical Features.- Diagnosis.- Liver Histology.- Herpes Simplex.- Clinical Features.- Laboratory Features.- Diagnosis.- Liver Histology.- Treatment.- Outcome.- Cytomegalovirus.- Clinical and Laboratory Features.- Diagnosis.- Liver Histology.- Treatment.- Outcome.- Epstein-Barr Virus.- Clinical Features.- Laboratory Features.- Diagnosis.- Liver Histology.- Treatment.- Outcome.- References.- 11. Acute Viral Hepatitis: Treatment.- Uncomplicated Viral Hepatitis.- Hospitalization.- Isolation.- Restriction of Activity.- Diet.- Specific Therapy.- Supportive Measures.- Use of Other Medications.- Alcohol.- Elective Surgery.- Cholestatic Hepatitis.- Subacute Fulminant Hepatitis.- Fulminant Hepatitis.- References.- 12. Prognosis of Acute Viral Hepatitis: Now You Got It, Now You Don't (or Do You?).- Prognosis of Acute Hepatitis A.- Prognosis of Acute Hepatitis B.- Prognosis of Acute Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis.- Prognostication of Prognosis.- Conclusions.- References.- 13. Hepatitis Prophylaxis.- Immunoglobulin for Passive Immunization.- Hepatitis A.- Immunoglobulin Usage.- Hepatitis A Vaccines.- Hepatitis B.- Immunoglobulin Usage.- Hepatitis B Vaccines.- Delta Hepatitis.- Non-A, Non-B (NANB) Hepatitis.- Sterilization or Disinfection of Instruments and Work Areas.- Fear of AIDS.- References.- 14. Toxic And Drug-Induced Hepatitis.- Classification of Drug-Induced Liver Injury.- Biotransformation of Drugs.- Mechanism of Direct-Acting Toxins.- Histopathologic Classification.- Clinical Features of Drug-Induced Hepatitis.- Halothane.- Isoniazid.- Sodium Valproate.- Acetaminophen.- Ketoconazole.- Diphenylhydantoin Hepatotoxicity.- ?-Methyldopa.- Pyrimethamine-Sulfadoxine.- Conclusion.- References.- II. Chronic Hepatitis.- 15. Chronic Hepatitis: Classification.- Background.- Chronic Active Hepatitis.- Types Identified and Prognosis.- Differentiation and Diagnosis.- Differential Diagnosis.- Chronic Persistent Hepatitis.- Types Identified and Prognosis.- Etiology.- Clinical Findings.- Diagnosis.- Differential Diagnosis.- References.- 16. History of Chronic Hepatitis.- 17. Mechanisms of Chronic Hepatitis.- Biochemical Derangements.- Histopathologic Derangements.- Immunologic Derangements.- Humoral Immune Abnormalities.- Cellular Immune Abnormalities: General Remarks.- Helper (CD4+) T Cells.- Cytotoxic (CD8+) T Cells.- Suppressor (CD8+) T Cells.- Genetic Background.- Comparable Diseases.- Animal Models.- Models of Autoimmune Hepatitis.- Mechanisms of Hepatocellular Injury in CAH.- Autoimmune CAH.- HBV-Associated CAH.- References.- 18. Chronic Hepatitis: Histopathology.- Chronic Active Hepatitis.- Chronic Persistent Hepatitis.- Chronic Lobular Hepatitis.- Chronic Septal Hepatitis.- Immunopathology,.- Variants of Chronic Active Hepatitis.- CAH with Abnormal Bile Duct Epithelium.- CAH with Confluent Necrosis.- Transition to Cirrhosis.- Role of the Liver Biopsy in Differential Diagnosis.- References.- 19. Chronic Persistent Hepatitis and Chronic Lobular Hepatitis.- Chronic Persistent Hepatitis.- Definition.- Clinicopathologic Features.- Differential Diagnosis.- Chronic Lobular Hepatitis.- Definition.- Clinicopathologic Features.- Differential Diagnosis.- Final Comments.- References.- III. Chronic Active Hepatitis.- 20. Clinical Features of Chronic Active Hepatitis.- Demographic Features.- Symptoms.- Physical Findings.- Associated Autoimmune Disorders.- Biochemical Features.- Immunoserologic Features.- Genetic Predispositions.- Clinical Implications of Histologic Findings.- Diagnostic Pitfalls.- References.- 21. Associated Conditions in Chronic Hepatitis.- Idiopathic (Autoimmune) Chronic Hepatitis.- Idiopathic Hepatitis versus Chronic Cholestatic Disease.- Chronic Type B Hepatitis.- Chronic Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis.- Metabolic Causes of Chronic Hepatitis.- Drug-Induced Chronic Hepatitis.- Summary.- References.- 22. Chronic Active Hepatitis: Diagnostic Approach.- Clinical Considerations.- Liver Blood Tests.- Aminotransferase.- ?-Glutamyltransferase.- Globulin.- Albumin.- Alkaline Phosphatase.- Bilirubin.- Initial Evaluation.- Differential Diagnosis.- Viral Hepatitis.- Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis.- Wilson's Disease.- Hemochromatosis.- ?1-Antitrypsin Deficiency.- Immunologic CAH.- Primary Biliary Cirrhosis.- Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis.- References.- 23. Chronic Active Hepatitis: Management.- and Perspective.- Chronic Persistent Hepatitis.- Autoimmune Chronic Active Hepatitis.- Periportal Hepatitis (Mild Chronic Active Hepatitis).- Moderate and Severe Chronic Active Hepatitis (Periportal Hepatitis with Bridging or Multilobular Necrosis).- Wilson's Disease.- ?1-Antitrypsin Deficiency.- Primary Biliary Cirrhosis.- Hepatitis B Chronic Active Hepatitis.- Hepatitis D Chronic Active Hepatitis.- Non-A, Non-B (NANB) Chronic Active Hepatitis.- Nonspecific Chronic Active Hepatitis.- Management without Biopsy.- References.- 24. Chronic Active Hepatitis: Prognosis.- Chronic Persistent Hepatitis.- Chronic Portal and Lobular Hepatitis.- Inactive Periportal Hepatitis.- Chronic Active Hepatitis.- Periportal Hepatitis.- Periportal Hepatitis with Bridging and/or Multilobular Necrosis Moderate to Severe CAH.- Cirrhosis.- References.
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