Liquid hydrogen : fuel of the future
著者
書誌事項
Liquid hydrogen : fuel of the future
Springer-Verlag, c1992
- タイトル別名
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Flüssiger Wasserstoff als Energieträger
- 統一タイトル
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Flüssiger Wasserstoff als Energieträger
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注記
Translation of: Flüssiger Wasserstoff als Energieträger
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
- 巻冊次
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ISBN 9783211822500
内容説明
This book represents the updated English version of the German edition from 1984. Carbon free fuels, currently considered unconventional, will gain more and more importance in the future. Hydrogen is, in the longterm, available in unlimited amounts and can be produced from water by means of nuclear or regenerative primary energy. The book gives a description of projects, based on liquid hydrogen as a fuel, performed in the last decade. The present state of development on hydrogen liquefaction and distribution, liquid hydrogen on board storage, refilling systems and fuel conditioning system is described. Because surface bound vehicles in the future will still use internal combustion engines - electrical drive will remain reserved for special applications - the book includes most recent results on internal combustion engine operation by use of cryogenic hydrogen, as well as preliminary experience made in liquid hydrogen vehicles accidents.
Not only specialists in cryogenic technology, internal combustion engines or in energy technology, but also people, interested in environmental questions will find information on the leading and pioneering work performed in the last two decades in the US, Japan, and Europe.
- 巻冊次
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ISBN 9783709191286
内容説明
to the German Edition This book is based on published material, oral presentations and lecture courses, as well as the author's personal research in the specific field of space technology and in the general areas of energy storage and transfer, and cryogenics. The science and technology of liquid hydrogen-once essential prere quisites for the rapid development of space technology-are now also proving to be more and more important for the energy production of the future. Hydrogen as an energy carrier can generally mediate the existing disparity between nuclear energy and regenerative energy, both of which are indispensable for the future. Hydrogen, as a secondary energy carrier, can be produced from these primary energy sources with minimal environmental impact and without the detrimental, long-term pollution effects of current fossil fuel technology. Hydrogen, therefore, represents the ultimate in energy technology. The initial, large-scale application of hydrogen as a secondary energy was as a high-energy rocket propellant. The procedures for its large scale liquefaction, storage and employment were generally developed in the U.S. Currently in Europe similar activities are being conducted only in France. The effort in West Germany involves testing hydrogen-oxygen and hydrogen-fluorine rocket engines, studying also the physical and technical characteristics of slush hydrogen-mixture of the solid and liquid phase-and is concentrating currently on R&D applications of liquid hydrogen as an alternate fuel. Similar activities are also being conducted in Japan and Canada.
目次
1 Introduction.- 2 Hydrogen Production.- 2.1 Hydrogen from Fossil Raw Materials.- 2.2 Electrolytic Hydrogen Production.- 2.3 Thermochemical Water Decomposition Procedure.- 2.4 Further Procedures for Hydrogen Production from Water.- References.- 3 Hydrogen Liquefaction.- 3.1 Fundamental Principles of Hydrogen Liquefaction.- 3.1.1 Refrigeration Processes as a Result of External Work.- 3.1.2 Refrigeration Processes as a Result of Internal Work.- 3.2 Small and Medium Liquefaction Plants.- 3.3 Magnetocaloric Liquefiers.- 3.4 Large-scale Industrial Liquefaction Plants.- References.- 4 Thermal Insulation, Storage and Transportation of Liquid Hydrogen.- 4.1 Mechanisms of Heat Transfer and Insulation Techniques.- 4.2 Storage and Transportation of Liquid Hydrogen.- 4.3 Liquid Hydrogen Pipelines.- 4.4 Liquid Hydrogen Pumps.- References.- 5 Liquid Hydrogen as a Rocket Propellant.- 5.1 Chemical Rocket Propulsion.- 5.2 Nuclear Rocket Propulsion.- References.- 6 Liquid Hydrogen as Fuel.- 6.1 Air Transport.- 6.1.1 Limiting Factors.- 6.1.2 Current Stage of Development.- 6.1.3 Technical Concepts and Specific Problems.- 6.1.4 Accidents.- 6.2 Ground Transport.- 6.2.1 Limiting Factors.- 6.2.2 Propulsion Techniques.- 6.2.3 Comparison of Hydrogen-Fueled Vehicles Regarding Propulsion and Storage.- 6.2.4 Experimental Liquid Hydrogen Vehicles.- 6.2.5 LH2 Fuel System Components.- 6.2.6 Concept for Vehicles Fueled with Liquid Hydrogen.- 6.2.7 Vehicle Refueling.- 6.2.8 Behavior of the Fuel Storage and Conditioning System in Accidents.- References.- 7 Outlook to Future Applications.- 7.1 Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier in the Future.- 7.2 Motor Vehicle Applications.- 7.3 Rail Vehicle Applications.- 7.4 Applications in Water Transportation.- 7.5 Applications in Aviation and Space Flight.- 7.6 Liquid Hydrogen in Stationary Energy Technology.- 7.7 Future Prospects.- References.- 8 Safe Handling of Liquid Hydrogen.- 8.1 Materials for the Use of Liquid Hydrogen.- 8.2 Handling of Hydrogen as a Cryogenic Liquid.- 8.3 Hydrogen as Flammable Liquid.- References.- 9 Physical and Technical Data of Liquid Hydrogen.
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