President and Congress : executive hegemony at the crossroads of American government

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書誌事項

President and Congress : executive hegemony at the crossroads of American government

Robert J. Spitzer

Temple University Press, c1993

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注記

Includes bibliographical references (p. 291-300) and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

Examining trends that have led to the rise of the modern strong presidency and the apparent decline of Congress, Robert Spitzer discusses the evolving relationship between the executive and legislative branches and its implications for the constitutional separation of powers. He focuses on historical, legal, and political perspectives that shape the interaction of the two branches and challenges much of the recent criticism directed at that relationship. As the best hope for effective national governance, Spitzer argues for the acceptance of presidential dominance, a renewed commitment to the separation of powers, and an active and vigorous role for Congress. Unlike other books on the subject, this book focuses attention on foreign policy issues, such as war powers, treaty-making and executive agreements, foreign aid, arms sales, and intelligence. The author examines U.S. military actions since the enactment of the controversial War Powers Resolution of 1973, including the recent Iraqi crisis. Spitzer cites current timely examples to illustrate broader trends, such as post-Gramm-Rudman-Hollings budget reforms, Iran-Contra as an example of unilateral executive decision-making, and the ascendance of politics over law in the continued use of the legislative veto in the face of the Supreme Court ruling striking it down. This lively, comprehensive account of the current state of presidential-congressional relations illuminates the dynamics of the balance of power and demonstrates how contemporary controversies are grounded in law, history, and politics. Robert J. Spitzer is Professor of Political Science at the State University of New York, College at Cortland.

目次

Preface Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Foundations of the Presidential-Congressional Relationship Antecedents The Founders' Fears Fear of a Strong Executive Fear of a Strong Legislature Fear of Concentrated Power Fear of Governmental Paralysis The Constitutional Framework Conclusion 2. The Evolving Relationship Case I: The First Congress, 1789-1791 Politics as Usual What's in a Name? The Government Seat Debt Funding and Assumption Assessment The Evolving Relationship The Jacksonian Era Case II: The Twenty-Seventh Congress, 1841-1843 Assessment The Road to a Stronger Presidency The Civil War-Reconstruction Era The Ascendancy of the Modern Strong Presidency Conclusion: Explaining the Changing Relationship 3. The Domestic Realm I: The Legislative Presidency Chief Legislator Why a Legislative President? An Administrative Congress? Setting the Agenda Central Clearance Liaison Lobbying from the White House The President's Full-Court Press Party Leadership Patronage Rallying Public Support Controlling the Endgame: The Veto Presidential Success: Measuring the President's Batting Average Conclusion 4. The Domestic Realm II: Explaining Presidential-Congressional Interactions Political Explanation: Presidential Leadership Leadership and Presidential Power Leadership Qualities and Congress Assessment Historical Explanation: Budgeting From Legislative to Executive Budget Congress Awakens Executive Counterpunch Assessment Legal Explanation: The Legislative Veto Congress Gets a Veto Arguments Pro and Con The Court Rules... ...But the Veto Remains Assessment Policy Explanation: Policy Types The Arenas of Power The Four Presidencies Assessment Conclusion 5. Foreign Affairs I: Who Steers the Ship of State? The Executive-Legislative Balance and the Constitution Are There "Two Presidencies"? Why Presidential Ascendancy? War Powers and Military Force The Founders and War Imperfect Wars The Evolution of the War Power The War Powers Resolution The War Powers Resolution in Operation... ...or, "Oh, What a Lovely War" Presidential War Making Conclusion: Pacificus Prevails 6. Foreign Affairs II: Ah, Diplomacy! Treaties and Executive Agreements Ending Treaties Treaty-Making Success: The Panama Canal Treaties Treaty-Making Failure: The SALT II Treaty Assessment: Treaties, the President, and Congress Executive Agreements Arms Sales and the Changing Role of the United States in the World The Saudi Arms Deal Foreign Aid "Intermestic" Issues The President, Congress, and Intelligence Iran-Contra Conclusion 7. Conclusion: Is the Separation of Powers Obsolete? The Presidential-Congressional Relationship: Marginal or Hegemonic? The Ineffectual Congress/Ascendant President Argument Terms and Parties The End of Congressional Lawmaking Is Change Desirable? The Imperial Congress/Weak President Argument The "Legalism" Critique The "Imperial " Congress Executive Absurdism Were the Founders Wrong? Separation of Powers and Alternatives Retaining and Executive-Hegemonic Separation of Powers The Rules and Outcomes The Presidency and Democracy Appendix A: The Politics of the Modern Presidency Appendix B: The Politics of the Modern Congress Selected Bibliography Index

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