Extractive metallurgy of vanadium
著者
書誌事項
Extractive metallurgy of vanadium
（Process metallurgy, 8）
Elsevier, 1992
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注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Much of the technology on vanadium extraction and processing has been developed during the past three decades. Because of the newness of these developments, there has been a definite need for a monograph providing comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of the subject. The present volume meets this need.It opens with an account of the properties and applications of vanadium, as well as all its different investigated sources. The authors then go on to describe a variety of processing techniques, and the preparation of vanadium compounds, alloys and the pure metal. Complete descriptions and detailed flowsheets for the extraction of vanadium in its different commercially useable forms are provided.The chemical and metallurgical principles involved in the various unit operations of vanadium extraction have been covered in detail, and an up-to-date and detailed survey of the physical, mechanical and corrosion properties of vanadium and its alloys is also provided. Further, the physicochemical, thermodynamic and phase diagram data have been provided for all the vanadium compounds and systems connected with the extraction and use of vanadium. Important aspects, such as the toxicity of vanadium and the precautions necessary for its safe handling are also described.Each chapter has been shaped and developed in a highly-readable unified manner, providing an introduction to the topic and the principles, before delving into the more practical aspects. An extensive reference list provided at the end of each chapter is a particularly useful feature. The text is supported by approximately 250 figures and 100 tables.This book makes the authors' specialised knowledge of the subject easily accessible, and as such it will be of value to plant engineers, researchers and students of extractive metallurgy and related disciplines such as materials processing, materials science and engineering, and inorganic and industrial chemistry.
目次
Foreword. Preface. History, Properties and Applications. Introduction. Discovery. Developments. Properties of Unalloyed Vanadium. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Vanadium Base Alloys. Interaction with Gases. Interaction with Molten Metals. Chemical Properties. Applications. Summary. References. 2. Sources. Introduction. Crustal Abundance. Minerals. Geochemistry. Sources and Reserves. Occurrences. Vanadium Source Utilisation Trends. Summary. References. 3. Sources Processing. Introduction. Physical Beneficiation. Aqueous Chemistry. Salt Roasting. Leaching. Solvent Extraction. Ion Exchange. Carbon Absorption and Desorption. Vanadium Precipitation. Determination of Vanadium. Uranium-Vanadium Ores. Titaniferous Magnetites. Non Titaniferous Iron Ores. Boiler Ash and Fly Ash. Spent Catalysts. Flexicoke. Vanadiferous Clays. Asphaltites of Peru. Lead Zinc Ores. Vanadiferous Shales. Phosphate Rock. Bauxite. Chromite. Ilmenite. Idaho Mudstones. Wyoming Vanadiferous Silicates. Summary. References. 4. Compounds and Alloys. Introduction. Oxides. Hydroxides. Peroxy Compounds. Vanadates. Vanadium Bronzes. Sulphates and Nitrates. Halides and Oxyhalides. Interstitial Compounds. Intermetallic Compounds. Ferrovanadium. Vanadium-Aluminium Master Alloys. Vanadium Base Alloys. Summary. References.5. Reduction. Introduction. Thermodynamics of Reduction Processes. General Characteristics of Metallothermic Reductions. Calciothermic Reduction of Vanadium Oxides. Aluminothermic Reduction of Vanadium Oxides. Magnesiothermic Reduction of Vanadium Oxides. Magnesium Reduction of Vanadium Chlorides. Other Metallothermic Chloride Reduction Processes. Carbothermic Reduction of Vanadium Oxides. Hydrogen Reduction of Vanadium Compounds. Analytical Methods. Summary. References. 6. Refining of Vanadium. Introduction. Origin of Impurities in Vanadium. Pyrovacuum Treatments. Electrorefining. Iodide Refining. Zone Melting. Electrotransport. Analytical Methods. Gettering. Summary. References. 7. Toxicology. Introduction. Occupational Exposures. Effects on Animals and Humans. Threshold Limit Values. Vanadium Compounds Handling and Work Area Procedures. Vanadium Pollution. Summary. References. 8. A Few Minutes with Vanadium's Profile. Introduction. Occurrence. Processing. Reduction. Refining. Application. Conclusion. Subject Index.
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