Phantom risk : scientific inference and the law
著者
書誌事項
Phantom risk : scientific inference and the law
MIT Press, c1993
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注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Phantom risks are risks whose very existence is unproven and perhaps unprovable, yet they raise real problems at the interface of science and the law. Phantom Risk surveys a dozen scientific issues that have led to public controversy and litigation - among them, miscarriage from the use of video display terminals, birth defects in children whose mothers used the drug Bendectin, and cancer from low-intensity magnetic fields, and from airborne asbestos. It presents the scientific evidence behind these and other issues and summarizes the resulting litigation. Focusing on the great disparity between the scientific evidence that is sufficient to arouse public fears and that needed to establish a hazard or its absence, these original contributions probe the problem of scientific ambiguity in risk assessment, and the mayhem this creates in the courtroom. Although the authors are clearly optimistic about the use of science to detect and evaluate risks, they recognize the difficulty of inferring cause-and-effect relationships from epidemiological (observational) evidence and of inferring risks to humans from high-dose animal experiments, the two major sources of evidence. The final chapter reviews the exceptionally difficult problem of how the legal impact of disputes about phantom risks can be reduced.
目次
- A scientific perspective
- a legal perspective. Part 1 Phantom (or not so phantom) risks: weak magnetic fields - a cancer connection?, Kenneth R. Foster
- spermicides and birth defects, James L. Mills
- Benedictin and the language of causation, Louis Lasagna and Sheila R. Shulman
- miscarriage and video display terminals - an update, Kenneth R. Foster
- the legal context. Part 2 Just a little bit of poison: environmental pollution and cancer - some misconceptions, Bruce N. Ames and Lois Swirsky Gold
- asbestos - the hazard, the risk and public policy, Ralph D'Agostino, Jr. and Richard Wilson
- the human health effects of polychlorinated biphenyls, Renate D. Kimbrough
- trichloroethylene - toxicology and epidemiology - a critical review of the literature, Rudolph J. Jaeger and Arlene L. Weiss
- dioxin -perceptions, estimates and measures, Michael Gough
- the Three Mile Island nuclear accident and public health consequences, George K. Tokuhata
- the fallout controversy, Ralph E. Lapp
- the saga of Fernald, Bernard L. Cohen
- the legal context. Part 3 Medical controversy: trauma and cancer, Marvin M. Romsdahl
- chemical pollutants and "multiple chemical sensitivities", Michael I. Luster et al
- immunologic laboratory tests - a critique of the Alcolac decision, Richard S. Cornfeld and Stuart F. Schlossman
- the legal context. Part 4 Conclusion - phantom risk - a problem at the interface of science and the law.
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