Astronomy in the service of Islam
著者
書誌事項
Astronomy in the service of Islam
（Collected studies series, CS416）
Variorum, c1993
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注記
Includes bibliographies and indexes
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Based on a wide variety of previously unstudied sources, these articles explain how science was applied to three aspects of Islamic ritual in the Middle Ages: the regulation of the lunar calendar; the organisation of the times of the five daily prayers; and the determination of the sacred direction (qibla) towards the Kaaba in Mecca. Simple procedures of folk astronomy were used by the scholars of religious law who determined popular practice; more complicated mathematical methods were provided by the scientists - and this proved a powerful incentive for the development of scientific analysis and research. Some of these procedures were to have far-reaching consequences. For example, the astronomical alignment of the Kaaba - known to various medieval writers, but long forgotten - led to the adoption of similar alignments for the qibla, and the final articles show how these were calculated, whether from astronomical observation or geographical computation, and their impact on the orientation of religious and secular architecture across the Islamic world. C'est A partir d'une grande diversite de sources inexplorees que ces articles expliquent comment la science avait ete appliquee a trois aspects du rituel islamique au Moyen Age: la regulation du calendrier lunaire; l'organisation des heures assignees aux cinq prieres quotidiennes; et l'etablissement de la direction sacree (qibla) vers la Kaaba de la Mecque. Des procedes simples d'astronomie populaire etaient utilises par les erudits en droit religieux qui decidaient de la pratique populaire; des methodes mathematiques plus complexes etaient offertes par les hommes de science - ce qui, en effet, s'avera Atre une motivation puissante dans le developpement de l'analyse et de la recherche scientifique. Certains de ces procedes eurent des consequences d'une grande portee par la suite. L'alignement astronomique de la Kaaba - pour ne reprendre qu'un exemple connu
目次
- Contents: Preface: General Survey: Science in the service of religion: the case of Islam
- Lunar Crescent Visibility and the Regulation of the Islamic Calendar: Some early Islamic tables for determining lunar crescent visibility
- Ibn Yunus on lunar crescent visibility
- Lunar crescent visibility predictions in medieval Islamic ephemerides
- Astronomical Timekeeping and the Regulation of the Times of Islamic Prayer: Mikat: astronomical timekeeping
- Universal solutions in Islamic astronomy
- Universal solutions to problems of spherical astronomy from Mamluk Egypt and Syria
- Mizwala
- The Sacred Direction in Islam: Kibla: sacred direction
- Makka: as the centre of the world
- Matla': astronomical rising-points
- On the orientation of the Ka'ba
- Astronomical alignments in medieval Islamic religious architecture
- The earliest Islamic mathematical methods and tables for finding the direction of Mecca
- Addenda
- Indexes.
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