CiNii Books - Geology and environment in Britain and Ireland

A complete introductory text on an increasingly popular subject, "Geology and Environment in Britain and Ireland" aims to provide suitably broad coverage for students requiring a treatment clearly foucused on familiar examples but retaining a global perspective. The book summarizes for Earth and environmental scientists the ways in which geology relates to the natural environmentand to the humand activites that it supports. The natural environment is more than the oceans, the atmosphere and the diversity of the land surface. It extends below the ground and stretches back in time through the Earth's history. These environmental dimensions are the concern of geology. First, the book summarizes the geological influences on society through control of landscape and human geography, and through the threats posed by hazards such as landslides, subsidence and earhquakes. Next, the many Earth resources that support human activity are described: land, water, construction materials minerals, coal, oil, and gas. How are they formed or replenished? Which resources are are sustainable for use over more than the immediate geological future? Thirdly, the impacts of human activity an the Earth are examined - the results of extracting geological resources, of intentionally engineering the environment, and of carelessly polluting land and underground water supplies. Perhaps most serious of all is atmospheric pollution caused by burning geological fuels, threatening global change on scales only familiar from the geological record. This book is published at a pivotal point in the history of geology. Scientists who, for a century and a half, have been preoccupied with finding Earth resources are increasingly being asked where on Earth to dispose of the effluents from using them. "Geology and Environment in Britain and Ireland" provides a comapct, abundantly illustrated summary of both sides of this dilemma. Its final chapter breaks new ground in opening a debate on the ethical basis of applied geology - a debate which is needed to steer the subject into the 21st century. The book should be of use to undergraduates in geology or environmental sciences, to accompany a taught course on applied geology or as supplementary reading to their first year of geology. A-level students in geology, geography or environmental science should find it a useful reference. Professional geologists and environmental scientists should value the book as a broad but concise survey of the subject, as a helpful compilation of data, and as a guide to primary date sources. Readers outside the British Isles should find it an invaluable overview of the application of geology in the region. Nigel Woodcock teaches geology in both the Department of Earth Sciences and Clare College in the University of Cambridge. He has published over 80 scientific papers, mainly in the fields of structural geology, sedimentology and environmental geology, and is a prolific reviewer of geological books. He has extensive field experience in Turkey, Cyprus, Greece, and particularly in Britain and Irelansd. This book is intended for first-year undergraduate students in departments of geology, Earth sciences, environmental sciences, environmental studies, civil engineering, taking an introductory course on environmental geology or geology and the environment.

Table of Contents

Preface Sources of illustrations Environmental geology Environmental geology Definition and content Further reading Geological influences on society Geology and landscape Geological history of the British Isles The geological map of the British Isles Landscape and solid geology Landscape and Quaternary geology Geology and human geography Rural geography Vernacular architecture Urban and industrial geography Geology and historical geography Further reading Geological hazards Hazard type and assessment Earthquakes Volcanoes Landslides Coastal erosion Floods Subsidence Geomedical hazards Future impacts of natural hazards Further reading Earth resources for society Resources Types of geological resources Resource assessment Further reading Land Land as a resource Soil Land use in the British Isles Global perspectives Further reading Water The hydrological cycle Water availability and use in the British Isles Behaviour of groundwater Management of surface water Groundwater in the British Isles Water futures in the UK Global perspectives Further reading Construction materials Use of construction materials Properties of construction materials Distribution in the British Isles Production in the British Isles Global perspectives Further reading Industrial and metallic minerals Nature and use Formation processes Examples of mineralization processes Minerals in the British Isles Global perspectives Further reading Coal and peat Requirements for coal and peat formation Deltaic coal environment Recent peat deposits Burial and maturation Geography of coal and peat Coal consumption and production Global perspectives Further reading Petroleum The importance of petroleum Requirements for oil and gas Exploration and production techniques Oil and gasfield examples Hydrocarbon plays Production in space and time Unconventional petroleum Uses of petroleum Global perspectives Further reading Energy perspectives Energy use Fossil fuel reserves and shortfall Uranium and nuclear power Geothermal energy Renewable energy Energy futures Further reading Human impacts on the Earth Environmental impacts The nature of the environment Geological impacts Further reading Resource extraction Extracting geological resources Withdrawal of subsurface fluids Underground mining Surface mining and quarrying Impacts in the British Isles Global perspectives Further reading Engineering geology Physical principles Foundations Excavations and embankments Water engineering Coastal management Agriculture Urbanization Global perspectives Further reading Land and water pollution Wastes and pollution Point-source pollution Diffuse pollution Radioactive wastes Global perspectives Further reading Atmospheric pollution Local air pollution The greenhouse effect Geology and global warming Stratospheric ozone depletion Further reading Geology and society Geology and society History of applied geology Science in society Geology and environmental ideas Geology and the future Further reading Glossary List of references Index

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Geology and environment in Britain and Ireland

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