A new reference grammar of modern Spanish
著者
書誌事項
A new reference grammar of modern Spanish
Edward Arnold, 1994
2nd ed
大学図書館所蔵 全10件
  青森
  岩手
  宮城
  秋田
  山形
  福島
  茨城
  栃木
  群馬
  埼玉
  千葉
  東京
  神奈川
  新潟
  富山
  石川
  福井
  山梨
  長野
  岐阜
  静岡
  愛知
  三重
  滋賀
  京都
  大阪
  兵庫
  奈良
  和歌山
  鳥取
  島根
  岡山
  広島
  山口
  徳島
  香川
  愛媛
  高知
  福岡
  佐賀
  長崎
  熊本
  大分
  宮崎
  鹿児島
  沖縄
  韓国
  中国
  タイ
  イギリス
  ドイツ
  スイス
  フランス
  ベルギー
  オランダ
  スウェーデン
  ノルウェー
  アメリカ
注記
Includes bibliographical references (p. [499]-501) and indexes
内容説明・目次
内容説明
(abridged and revised) This reference grammar offers intermediate and advanced students a reason- ably comprehensive guide to the morphology and syntax of educated speech and plain prose in Spain and Latin America at the end of the twentieth century. Spanish is the main, usually the sole official language of twenty-one countries,} and it is set fair to overtake English by the year 2000 in numbers 2 of native speakers. This vast geographical and political diversity ensures that Spanish is a good deal less unified than French, German or even English, the latter more or less internationally standardized according to either American or British norms. Until the 1960s, the criteria of internationally correct Spanish were dictated by the Real Academia Espanola, but the prestige of this institution has now sunk so low that its most solemn decrees are hardly taken seriously - witness the fate of the spelling reforms listed in the Nuevas normas de prosodia y ortograjia, which were supposed to come into force in all Spanish-speaking countries in 1959 and, nearly forty years later, are still selectively ignored by publishers and literate persons everywhere. The fact is that in Spanish 'correctness' is nowadays decided, as it is in all living languages, by the consensus of native speakers; but consensus about linguistic usage is obviously difficult to achieve between more than twenty independent, widely scattered and sometimes mutually hostile countries. Peninsular Spanish is itself in flux.
目次
1 Gender of nouns.- 2 Plural of nouns.- 3 Articles.- 4 Adjectives.- 5 Comparison of adjectives and adverbs.- 6 Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns.- 7 Neuter article and pronouns.- 8 Possessive adjectives and pronouns.- 9 Miscellaneous adjectives and pronouns.- 10 Numerals.- 11 Personal pronouns.- 12 Le/les and lo/la/los/las.- 13 Forms of verbs.- 14 Use of indicative (non-continuous) verb forms.- 15 Continuous forms of the verb.- 16 The subjunctive.- 17 The imperative.- 18 The infinitive.- 19 Participles.- 20 The gerund.- 21 Modal auxiliary verbs.- 22 Personal a.- 23 Negation.- 24 Interrogation and exclamation.- 25 Conditional sentences.- 26 Pronominal verbs.- 27 Verbs of becoming.- 28 Passive and impersonal sentences.- 29 Ser and estar.- 30 Existential sentences('there is/are', etc.).- 31 Adverbs.- 32 Expressions of time.- 33 Conjunctions.- 34 Prepositions.- 35 Relative clauses and pronouns.- 36 Nominalizers and cleft sentences.- 37 Word order.- 38 Diminutive, augmentative and pejorative suffixes.- 39 Spelling, accent rules, punctuation and word division.- Bibliography and sources.- Index of English words.- Index of Spanish words and grammatical points.
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