Fertility dynamics : spacing and timing of births in Sweden and the United States
Author(s)
Bibliographic Information
Fertility dynamics : spacing and timing of births in Sweden and the United States
（Contributions to economic analysis, 229）
Elsevier Science, 1995
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Includes bibliographical references and index
Description and Table of Contents
Description
This is one of the most comprehensive and statistically sophisticated economic studies of the fertility determining process. The volume examines the relationship between women's wage rates and men's income and fertility with duration analysis, using panel data from Sweden and the United States. The volume focuses on the timing and spacing of births in the life cycle rather than on the ultimate number of children. The dynamic relationship is represented in a Continuous Time Birth Process framework, using event-history analysis. The results from these Swedish and American fertility studies show that the widespread expectations of a negative wage-rate effect and a positive income effect on fertility are not generally borne out. This is one of the most comprehensive and statistically sophisticated economic studies of the fertility determining process. The wealth of information in the book may be used to refine future investigations of fertility determinants.
Table of Contents
Introduction. Women's wage rates, men's income and fertility. Recent trends in Sweden and the United States. Research method: event history analysis. Policy concerns related to women's wages and men's income and fertility. Outline of this volume. Review of Fertility Models. Introduction. Economic models. Summary. Empirical Studies. Introduction. Evidence from macro studies - aggregate time-series data. Evidence from micro studies - surveys. Summary. Econometric Methodology. Duration analysis. A continuous-time birth-process model as a hazard rate model. Unobserved heterogeneity and non-parametric maximum-likelihood estimator (NPMLE). Time-varying variables and endogeneity. The problems of weighting and incomplete spell information in duration analysis. Model-selection criteria. Chi-square goodness-of-fit test. Summary. Empirical Findings from Sweden. Introduction. A hazard rate model for births without heterogeneity. The need of age- and gender-specific wage and the income series and Heckman-Walker dataset. An improved macro wage and income series from official statistics. Results from the Swedish fertility survey data. Aggregate macro data versus micro data with measurement errors. Results from HUS-panel data. Summary. Empirical Findings from the United States. Introduction. Results from the PSID 1985-1988 birth-history file for white and non-white women. Results from the PSID 1985-1988 ego-alter file by birth cohorts. Summary. Conclusions. Limitations of the study. Major findings and implications. Policy-related issues. Future research. Appendices. References. Subject Index.
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