Principles and practice of analytical chemistry
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Principles and practice of analytical chemistry
Blackie, 1995
4th ed
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Includes bibliographies and index
Description and Table of Contents
Description
There have been significant advances in both analytical instrumentation and computerised data handling during the five years since the third edition was published in 1990. Windows-based computer software is now widely available for instrument control and real-time data processing and the use of laboratory information and management systems (LIMS) has become commonplace. Whilst most analytical techniques have undergone steady improvements in instrument design, high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE or CE) and two- dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (2D-NMR) have developed into major forces in separation science and structural analysis respectively. The powerful and versatile separation technique of CE promises to rival high-performance liquid chromatography, particularly in the separ- ation of low levels of substances of biological interest. The spectral inform- ation provided by various modes of 2D-NMR is enabling far more complex molecules to be studied than hitherto.
The electrophoresis section of chapter 3 and the NMR section of chapter 9 have therefore been considerably expanded in the fourth edition along with a revision of aspects of atomic spectrometry (chapter 8). New material has been included on fluorescence spectrometry (chapter 9), the use of Kovats Retention Indices in gas chroma- tography (chapter 3) and solid phase extraction for sample cleanup and concentration (chapter 12). Additions to high performance liquid chroma- tography (chapter 3) reflect the growing importance of chiral stationary phases, solvent optimization and pH control, continuous regeneration car- tridges for ion chromatography and HPLC-MS.
Table of Contents
1 Introduction.- 2 The Assessment of Analytical Data.- 2.1 Definitions and basic concepts.- 2.2 The nature and origin of errors.- 2.3 The evaluation of results and methods.- 3 Ph, Complexation And Solubility Equilibria.- 3.1 Chemical reactions in solution.- 3.2 Solvents in analytical chemistry.- 3.3 Acid-base equilibria.- 3.4 Complexation equilibria.- 3.5 Solubility equilibria.- 4 Separation Techniques.- 4.1 Solvent extraction.- 4.2 Chromatography.- 4.3 Electrophoresis.- 5 Titrimetry and Gravimetry.- 5.1 Titrimetry.- 5.2 Gravimetry.- 6 Electrochemical Techniques.- 6.1 Potentiometry.- 6.2 Polarography, stripping voltammetry and amperometric techniques.- 6.3 Electrogravimetry and coulometry.- 6.4 Conductometric titrations.- 7 An Introduction to Analytical Spectrometry.- 8 Atomic Spectrometry.- 8.1 Arc/spark atomic (optical) emission spectrometry.- 8.2 Glow discharge atomic emission spectrometry.- 8.3 Plasma emission spectrometry.- 8.4 Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).- 8.5 Flame emission spectrometry.- 8.6 Atomic absorption spectrometry.- 8.7 X-ray emission spectrometry.- 9 Molecular Spectrometry.- 9.1 Visible and ultraviolet spectrometry.- 9.2 Infrared spectrometry.- 9.3 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (nmr).- 9.4 Mass spectrometry.- 9.5 Spectrometric identification of organic compounds.- 10 Radiochemical Methods In Analysis.- 10.1 Nuclear structure and nuclear reactions.- 10.2 Instrumentation and measurement of radioactivity.- 10.3 Analytical uses of radionucleides.- 11 Thermal Techniques.- 11.1 Thermogravimetry.- 11.2 Differential thermal analysis (DTA).- 11.3 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).- 11.4 Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).- 11.5 Pyrolysis - gas chromatography.- 12 Overall Analytical Procedures and Their Automation.- 12.1 Sampling and sample pretreatment.- 12.2 Examples of analytical problems and procedures.- 12.3 The automation of analytical procedures.- 13 The Role of Computers and Microprocessors in Analytical Chemistry.- 13.1 Introduction.- 13.2 Computers and microprocessors.- 13.3 Instrument-computer interfaces.- 13.4 The scope of microprocessor control and computers in analytical laboratories.
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