The Management of the menopause & post-menopausal years : the proceedings of the International Symposium held in London 24-26 November 1975 ; arranged by the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the University of London

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The Management of the menopause & post-menopausal years : the proceedings of the International Symposium held in London 24-26 November 1975 ; arranged by the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the University of London

edited by Stuart Campbell

MTP Press Ltd., 1976

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注記

Includes bibliographical references and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

Despite the fact that the average woman spends one third of her life after the menopause, medical research has been devoted almost entirely to the repro- ductive period of her life span. This is perhaps not surprising in our youth- orientated society and yet there is increasing evidence that properly applied and supervised hormonal therapy could alleviate many of the severe physical symptoms which are associated with the ovarian menopause and that in the long term other aspects of physical deterioration could be modified. This lack of scientific research has made it difficult to assess which symptoms are due to the altered hormonal status of the post-menopausal period and which are due to the normal process of ageing, or the various psychological pressures which build up around most women in the fourth and fifth decades of life. In America doctors have been treating the 'menopausal syndrome' with estrogens for over 30 years, but in the United Kingdom gynaecologists and family doctors have been reticent to prescribe these steroid preparations. As a consequence, they have been labelled reactionary by the media and while there may be some truth -in this, it should be remembered that the hazar. ds associated with synthetic estrogens in the contraceptive pill were first brought to light by British epidemiological surveys.

目次

Section A Epidemiology.- 1 A woman's view of the menopause.- 2 Epidemiology of the climacteric syndrome.- 3 Frequency and severity of menopausal symptoms.- 4 Physical changes associated with the post-menopausal years.- Discussion.- Section B Endocrinology.- Endocrinology (Part 1).- 5 Endocrine changes associated with the menopause and post-menopausal years.- 6 Intensive steroid and protein hormone profiles on post-menopausal women experiencing hot flushes, and a group of controls.- Discussion.- Endocrinology (Part 2).- 7 Pharmacology of natural and synthetic estrogens.- 8 Estrogen target organs and receptor.- Discussion.- Section C Psychological Aspects.- 9 Emotional response to the menopause.- 10 Psychiatric aspects of the menopause.- 11 Psychological changes following hormonal therapy.- 12 Estrogens, plasma tryptophan levels in perimenopausal patients.- 13 Double blind psychometric studies on the effects of natural estrogens on post-mcnopausal women.- 14 Double blind cross-over study of estrogen replacement therapy.- Discussion.- Section D Lipid Metabolism.- 15 The menopause and coronary heart disease.- 16 The effects of ethinyl estradiol and conjugated equine estrogens on plasma lipids in oophorectomized women.- 17 The effect of synthetic and natural estrogens on glucose tolerance, plasma insulin and lipid metabolism in post-menopausal women.- Discussion.- Section E Calcium Metabolism.- 18 Post-menopausal changes in calcium and phosphorus metabolism.- 19 Osteoporosis and its relation to estrogen deficiency.- Discussion.- Section F Skin.- 20 The effect of estrogens on the skin.- 21 Effect of castration and peroral estradiol valerate and estriol succinate therapy on the epidermis.- 22 The correlation of menopausal symptoms with cytohormonal status.- 23 Cervical colposcopic changes associated with the menopause.- Discussion.- Section G Urinary Tract.- 24 Post-menopausal changes in micturition habits and in urine flow and urethral pressure studies.- 25 The effect of estrogens on bladder function in the female.- 26 Urethral profile studies on menopausal women and the effects of estrogen treatment.- Discussion.- Section H Risks of Estrogen Therapy.- 1: Thromboembolism.- 27 A double blind cross-over study with conjugated equine estrogens on blood clotting.- 28 Effects of synthetic and natural estrogens on the coagulation system in post-menopausal women.- Discussion.- 2: Cancer.- 29 The effects of estrogen replacement therapy on the risk of cancer during the post-menopausal years.- 30 Estrogens and breast cancer.- Discussion.- Section I Therapeutic Problems.- 31 The premature menopause.- 32 The rationale of operative removal of the ovaries at hysterectomy.- 33 Contra-indications to estrogen therapy and management of the menopausal syndrome in these cases.- 34 Hormone implants in the climacteric syndrome.- Discussion.- Section J Management of The Menopause.- 35 A European viewpoint.- 36 An English viewpoint.- 37 Menopause-an American view.- 38 A dissident viewpoint.- 39 Financial implications of hormone replacement, therapy.- Discussion.

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