Fluids in the crust : equilibrium and transport properties
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Fluids in the crust : equilibrium and transport properties
Chapman & Hall, 1995
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Fluids in the crust
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Includes bibliographies and index
Description and Table of Contents
Description
For much of the 20th century, scientific contacts between the Soviet Union and western countries were few and far between, and often super ficial. In earth sciences, ideas and data were slow to cross the Iron Curtain, and there was considerable mutual mistrust of diverging scient ific philosophies. In geochemistry, most western scientists were slow to appreciate the advances being made in the Soviet Union by os. Korz hinskii, who put the study of ore genesis on a rigorous thermodynamic basis as early as the 1930s. Korzhinskii appreciated that the most fun damental requirement for the application of quantitative models is data on mineral and fluid behaviour at the elevated pressures and temper atures that occur in the Earth's crust. He began the work at the Institute of Experimental Mineralogy (IEM) in 1965, and it became a separate establishment of the Academy of Sciences in Chernogolovka in 1969. The aim was to initiate a major programme of high P-T experimental studies to apply physical chemistry and thermodynamics to resolving geological problems. For many years, Chernogolovka was a closed city, and western scient ists were unable to visit the laboratories, but with the advent of peres troika in 1989, the first groups of visitors were eagerly welcomed to the IEM. What they found was an experimental facility on a massive scale, with 300 staff, including 80 researchers and most of the rest pro viding technical support.
Table of Contents
An introduction to crustal fluids. Fluids in geological processes. Hydrothermal experimental techniques used at the Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, Russian Academy of Sciences. Solubility and complex formation in the systems Hg-H2O, S-H2O, SiO2-H2O and SnO2-N2O systems. Experimental studies of the solubility and complexing of selected ore elements (Au, Ag, Cu, Mo, As, Sb, Hg) in aqueous solutions. The influence of acidic fluoride and chloride solutions on the geochemical behaviour of Al, Si and W. The behaviour of components in complex fluid mixtures under high T-P conditions. Phase equilibria in fluid systems at high pressures and temperatures. Diffusion of electrolytes in hydrothermal systems: free solution and porous media. Thermal decomposition of rocks. Permeability of rocks at elevated temperatures and pressures. Index.
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