Natural draught cooling towers : proceedings of the 2. international symposium, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany, September 5-7, 1984
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書誌事項
Natural draught cooling towers : proceedings of the 2. international symposium, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany, September 5-7, 1984
Springer-Verlag, 1984
- : gw
- : us
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Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Natural Draught Cooling Towers, sponsored by the Ruhr-Univrsität Bochum and the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures
Includes bibliographies
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Natural draught cooling towers are inevitable for the economic generation of electricity under environmental aspects: In any thermal power plant heated stearn drives a turbogenerator, which produces the electric energy. In order to create an effective heat sink behind the turbine, the stearn is condensed and recyc- led into the boiler. This requires a large amount of cooling water which is heated by running through the condensor. Even in the most efficient fossil fuel thermal (nuclear) power plants, only about 40 (30)% of the generated heat is turned in- to electric energy. The rest of heat of 60 (70)% is discharged into the environment through the smokestack and the cooling wa- ter circuit. To avoid thermal pollution of natural water resources the heated cooling water should be recooled artificially in a cooling sys- tem and reused. Among all technical solutions natural draught cooling towers are effective, economic and widely spread cor- rective measures. In large power plants only natural draught cooling towers are able to recover the immense quantities of water required for cooling.
Thus only these engineering struc- tures are able to balance environmental factors, economic in- vestment and operating costs of the power station with the de- mands of a reliable electric energy supply.
目次
Impulses of the Research on the Development of Large Cooling Towers.- Recent Structural Developments.- Ring-Stiffened Shell Constructions - A Structural Alternative or a Technical and Economical Necessity?.- Large Reticulated Steel Cooling Towers.- Design and Construction of Cooling Towers - Recent Developments - Constructional Problems.- Improvement of the Structural Behavior of Cooling Tower Shells by Ring-Stiffeners.- Review and Feedback of Experience Gained over the Last Fifty Years in Design and Construction of Natural Draught Cooling Towers.- The Ring-Stiffened Shell of the Natural Draft Cooling Tower of the ISAR II Nuclear Power Plant.- A New Type of Cooling Tower with Vertical Columns Disconnected from Shell Designed and Built in France.- Wind Loading.- Reliability of Current Design Methods for Wind-Induced Stresses.- Wind Loading of Hyperbolic Cooling Towers without Meridonal Ribs.- Wind Effects on High Cooling Towers (abstract).- A Discussion of the Treatment of Wind Loading in Natural Draught Cooling Towers with Special Reference to Reliability and Simplified Dynamic Factors (abstract).- Dynamics.- Seismic Analysis of Cooling Towers.- Seismic Response of Cooling Towers on Interactive Shallow or Deep Foundations.- Analysis of Cooling Towers due to Horizontal Incident Earthquake Motions Propagating Vertically from Base Rock.- The Earthquake Design of Reinforced Concrete Natural Draught Cooling Towers (abstract).- The Free Vibration Analysis of the Thin, Elastic Hyperboloidal Shell by the Analytical-Numerical Methods.- The Finite Element Solution and Model Tests of Free Vibration of Hyperbolic Cooling Tower.- Stability and Nonlinear Behavior.- The Problem of Kinetic Instabilities in the Natural Wind - Theoretical and Numerical Investigations.- Buckling of Reinforced Concrete Cooling Tower Shells.- On the Validity of Reinforced Concrete Models of Cooling Tower Shells.- Geometric Imperfections and Buckling in Cooling Tower Shells.- Physically Linear Buckling Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Cooling Towers - Design Necessity or Academic Exercise?.- Nonlinear Behavior of Cooling Tower Shells.- Comparison of Complete and Simplified Elastic Buckling Loads for Cooling Tower Shells.- The Effect of Cracking on the Ultimate Load of Reinforced Concrete Cooling Towers.- Nonlinear Elastic Stability of Cooling Tower Shells.- Design Specification of Tolerances for Geometric Imperfections in Concrete Cooling Towers (abstract).- Structural Behavior and Special Problems.- Two Decades of Cooling Tower Design in the United States of America.- Extreme Loading Effects on Cooling Towers.- Repair of Cooling Towers.- The Effect of Unequal Settlement of Foundation on the Stress Resultants of Hyperbolic Cooling Towers and the Unequal Settlement Tolerance Limit.- Analysis of Hyperbolic Cooling Towers with Local Imperfections.- A Study of the Effect of Geometric Imperfection on the Hyperbolic Cooling Tower Shells (abstract).- Optimization of Large Cooling Towers.- A New Look at the Ultimate Behavior of Hyperbolic Cooling Towers (abstract).- Stress Analysis.- Stress Analysis of Cooling Towers with Ribs and Discrete Supports Using F. E. M..- Economical Calculation for the Optimal Design of General Shells of Revolution for Natural-Draft Cooling Towers by Means of Membrane Theory.- Current Developments in the Cooling Tower Analysis at Purdue University.- An Evaluation Method of Load Combination of Windstorm and Low Atmospheric Temperature on Cooling Towers.- Analysis of Cooling Towers by a Numerical Integration Method.- Durability.- Long Time Measurements of the Effects of Water and Temperature on Cooling Towers.- Durability of the Inner Surface of Cooling Tower Shells.- Long Term Deterioration of Concrete Cooling Towers (abstract).- Special Systems for Treatment of Fresh Concrete Surfaces Combined with Long Term Protection.- Physical, Chemical and Microbiological Influences of the Environment on Thin Cooling Tower Shells.- Aerodynamic Aspects of the Inflow Problem of Flue Gases into the Cooling Tower.
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