Chemical risk assessment and occupational health : current applications, limitations, and future prospects

著者

書誌事項

Chemical risk assessment and occupational health : current applications, limitations, and future prospects

edited by C. Mark Smith, David C. Christiani, and Karl T. Kelsey ; foreword by J. Donald Millar

Auburn House, 1994

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注記

"Sponsored by the Occupational Health Program, Harvard School of Public Health and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health"

Bibliography: p. [237]-260

Includes index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

The contributors provide a rich overview of the strengths and limitations of using risk assessment methods in the occupational health arena. This book brings together a distinguished group of experts in occupational health and risk assessment who express diverse views on the usefulness of risk assessment in the protection of worker health. Representatives from regulatory agencies, labor, industry, and academia consider both policy and technical issues, providing a rich overview of the strengths and limitations of using risk assessment methods in the occupational health arena. Both policy and technical issues are explored. Several contributors focus on the policy implications of regulatory agencies' increasing reliance on risk assessment to guide occupational and environmental risk reduction strategies. Others consider specific methodological issues relating to the application of state-of-the-art scientific developments to the evaluation of occupational risks. Chapters are organized to consider specific aspects of the field including current applications of risk assessment methods by federal regulatory agencies; approaches to improving the use of epidemiological data in risk assessment; the use of animal bioassay data to predict occupational risks; potential uses of cutting-edge scientific data on toxicological mechanisms, toxicokinetics, and biomarkers in risk assessment; specific issues including ethics, values, and sociopolitical aspects of the process, and a concluding chapter discussing future directions to the evaluation and regulation of risks to worker health and safety. Given the range of policy and technical issues explored, this collection will be invaluable to professionals as well as academics in the fields of occupational health and environmental risk assessment.

目次

Illustrations Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Quantitative Risk Assessment: A Tool to Be Used Responsibly by J. Donald Millar Introduction Risk and the Workplace by C. Mark Smith, Karl T. Kelsey, and David Christiani Current Applications of Risk Assessment Methods in the Development of Occupational Regulations Risk Assessment and Occupational Standard Setting by C. Mark Smith, Karl T. Kelsey, and David Christiani The Role of Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Assessment in the Development of Occupational Health Standards by Lawrence Reed, Leslie Stayner, Heinz Ahlers, and Ralph Zumwalde The Application of Risk Assessment in the Development of Health Standards by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration by Charles Adkins and Ronald S. Ratney Risk Assessment in Context: A Case Study of Risk Assessment for the Use of Diesel Powered Equipment in Underground Coal Mines by James L. Weeks Methods and Strategies for the Use of Epidemiologic Studies in Risk Assessment Epidemiology and Risk by Richard Monson Methods for Modeling Epidemiologic Data for Quantitative Risk Assessment by Leslie Stayner and Randy Smith Epidemiology in Occupational Health Risk Assessment by M. Jane Teta Issues in Using Human Data in Risk Assessment for Occupational Disease: Non-Cancer Endpoints by Ellen A. Eisen and David H. Wegman Quantitative Examples of Continuous Exposure Measurement Errors That Bias Risk Estimates Away from the Null by James A. Deddens and Richard W. Hornung Animal Bioassay Data in the Assessment of Risks to Worker Health Animal Bioassays and Predictive Toxicology by Garreth M. Green Setting Priorities among Possible Carcinogenic Hazards in the Workplace by Lois Swirsky Gold, Georganne Backman Garfinkel, and Thomas H. Slone The Use of Laboratory Animal Carcinogenicity Data in Occupational Risk Assessment by David P. Rall Assessment of Carcinogenic Risks in the Workplace by Lauren Zeise Statistical Issues in Developmental Toxicology by Paul J. Catalano and Louise M. Ryan Use of Scientific Data on Mechanisms of Toxicity, Toxicokinetics, and Biomarkers to Assess Occupational Risks Mechanistic Toxicology and Risk Assessment by C. Mark Smith The Use of Scientific Information in the Workplace Standard Setting Process by James D. Wilson Carcinogen Identification and Occupational Health by Robert J. Moolenaar The Role of Genomic Analyses in Occupational Cancer Risk Assessment by J. K. Wiencke and K. T. Kelsey Use of Mechanistic Data in Occupational Health Risk Assessment: The Example of Diesel Particulates by Dale Hattis and Ken Silver Special Issues in Occupational Risk Assessment: Values, Politics, Ethics, and Uncertainty Sociopolitical and Economic Aspects of Risk Assessment by Charles Levenstein Limits of Epidemiological Evidence and Uncertainty Analysis in Occupational Risk Assessment by James M. Robins Risk Assessment Methodology: Objectivity and the Hired-Gun Assessor by Robert Almeder Value Judgements and Risk Assessment by Nicholas A. Ashford Conclusions: Strengths and Limitations of Risk Assessment Approaches to Occupational Health and Recommendations for the Future Important Issues in Occupational Health Risk Assessment and Risk Management: Comments and Recommendations by C. Mark Smith, Karl T. Kelsey, and David C. Christiani The Recent Practice of Risk Assessment in the Occupational Environment Incorrectly Discounts Hazards of Chemical Exposures to Workers and the Public Health by Franklin E. Mirer Risk Assessment in the Occupational Standard Setting Process: Some Thoughts and Perspectives on Problems and Potential Solutions by Gerard F. Egan Future Directions in Occupational Risk Assessment by Richard W. Niemeier Future Directions in Reducing Occupational and Environmental Risks: A Warning Against Overreliance on Risk Assessment Approaches by Nicholas A. Ashford References Index

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