The Jews of the Balkans : the Judeo-Spanish community, 15th to 20th centuries
著者
書誌事項
The Jews of the Balkans : the Judeo-Spanish community, 15th to 20th centuries
（Jewish communities of the modern world）
Blackwell, 1995
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注記
"Parts of this publication were first published as Juifs des Balkans ... by Editions La Découverte, 1993" -- T.p. verso
Bibliography: p. [271]-292
Includes indexes
内容説明・目次
内容説明
This volume is a history of the Sephardi diaspora in the Balkans. The two principal axes of the study are the formation and features of the Judeo-Spanish culture area in South-Eastern Europe and around the Aegean littoral, and the disintegration of this community in the modern period. The great majority of the Jews expelled from Spain in 1492 eventually went to the Ottoman Empire. With their command of Western trades and skills, they represented a new economic force in the Levant. In the Ottoman Balkans, the Jews came to reconstitute the bases of their existence in the semi-autonomous spheres allowed to them by their new rulers. This segment of the Jewish diaspora came to form a certain unity, based on a commonality of the Judeo-Spanish language, culture and communal life. The changing geopolitics of the Balkans and the growth of European influence in the 19th century inaugurated a period of westernization. European influence manifested itself in the realm of education, especially in the French education, dispensed in the schools of the Alliance Israelite Universelle with its headquarters in Paris. Other European cultures and languages came to the scene through similar means.
Cultural movements such as the Jewish Enlightenment (haskalah) also came to exert a distinct influence, hence building bridges between the Ashkenazi and Sephardi worlds. The 19th and 20th centuries also saw the emergence of nationalist movements in the area. New exclusivist nation-states emerged. The Sephardi diaspora fragmented with changing frontiers following wars and the rise of new rulers. The local Jewish communities had to integrate and to insert themselves into new structures and regimes under the Greeks, Bulgarians, Yugoslavs and Turks which put to an end the autonomy of the communities. The traditional way of life disintegrated. Zionism emerged as an important movement. Waves of emigration, as well as the Holocaust put an end to Sephardi life in the Balkans. Except for a few remnants, a community that had flourished in the area for over 400 years disappeared in the middle of the 20th century.
目次
- Community and society
- economy and culture
- Eastern Sephardi Jewry in the era of westernization
- paths of politicization
- the end of the Judeo-Spanish Balkans - the holocaust and migrations.
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