CiNii Books - Language, action, and context : the early history of pragmatics in Europe and America, 1780-1930

The roots of pragmatics reach back to Antiquity, especially to rhetoric as one of the three liberal arts. However, until the end of the 18th century proto-pragmatic insights tended to be consigned to the pragmatic, that is rhetoric, wastepaper basket and thus excluded from serious philosophical consideration. It can be said that pragmatics was conceived between 1780 and 1830 in Britain, but also in Germany and in France in post-Lockian and post-Kantian philosophies of language. These early 'conceptions' of pragmatics are described in the first part of the book. The second part of the book looks at pragmatic insights made between 1830 and 1880, when they were once more relegated to the philosophical and linguistic underground. The main stage was then occupied by a fact-hunting historical comparative linguistics on the one hand and a newly spiritualised philosophy on the other. In the last part the period between 1880 and 1930 is presented, when pragmatic insights flourished and were sought after systematically. This was due in part to a new upsurge in empiricism, positivism and later behaviourism in philosophy, linguistics and psychology. Between 1780 and 1930 philosophers, psychologists, sociologists and linguists came to see that language could only be studied in the context of dialogue, in the context of human life and finally as being a kind of human action itself.

Table of Contents

1. Acknowledgements
2. 0 Introduction
3. 0.1 Is there a history of pragmatics?
4. 0.2 Why should there be a history of pragmatics?
5. 0.3 What is pragmatics?
6. 0.4 How do we trace the history of pragmatic ideas?
7. 0.5 The scope and limits of this book
8. 0.6 Sources for pragmatic insights in the 19th and 20th century
9. 0.7 Survey of the history of pragmatics
10. 1 Prologue to protopragmatics: Locke's semiotic philosophy
11. 1.1 Introduction
12. 1.2 Locke's philosophy of the semiotic act
13. 1.3 Locke's influence in Europe and America
14. 1.4 An afterword on Kant, Locke and metaphor
15. 2 Protopragmatics in Germany: pragmatics as part of a Romantic philosophy of language
16. 2.1 Introduction
17. 2.2 Kant: language and reason
18. 2.3 Post-Kantian philosophies of language and communication
19. 3 Protopragmatics in France: pragmatics as part of an 'ideological' theory of language and thought
20. 3.1 Introduction
21. 3.2 The roots: The general grammar of Port-Royal
22. 3.3 Du Marsais: language and discourse
23. 3.4 The debate about word order
24. 3.5 From acts of thought to acts of language
25. 3.6 Conclusion
26. 4 A period of transition in the development of French pragmatics
27. 4.1 Maine de Biran: language, the will and the self
28. 4.2 Eclectic spiritualism
29. 4.3 Garnier: speech acts and understanding
30. 4.4 Weil: word order in speech and language
31. 5 Protopragmatics in England: pragmatics as part of a common-sense theory of the mind
32. 5.1 The roots
33. 5.2 Reid: speech acts as social acts
34. 6 A period of transition in the development of English pragmatics
35. 6.1 Stewart: language, system and use
36. 6.2 Smart: a contextualist theory of language
37. 7 Pragmatism and behaviourism in America
38. 7.1 Introduction
39. 7.2 Pragmatism: use and truth
40. 7.3 Peirce's semiotics
41. 7.4 Mead: mind, self and the social act
42. 7.5 Morris: behaviourist pragmatics
43. 7.6 De Laguna: pragmatic behaviourism
44. 7.7 Pragmatism and pragmatics
45. 7.8 Whitney: the pragmatic evolution of language
46. 7.9 Conclusion
47. 8 A Period of transition: realist and idealist approaches to language use
48. 8.1 The roots: Kant's pragmatic anthropology
49. 8.2 Herbart: A practical approach to language and communication
50. 8.3 Madvig: a realistic theory of language, its use and origin
51. 8.4 Steinthal: an idealist theory of language, its use and origin
52. 8.5 Lazarus: a theory of meaning and understanding
53. 8.6 After Steinthal and Lazarus: Preview
54. 8.7 Gerber: thought acts, speech acts and context
55. 8.8 Paul: thought, sense and sentences
56. 9 Pragmatics avant la lettre in Germany: language as an instrument to influence others
57. 9.1 Wegener: a pioneer in pragmatic theory
58. 9.2 After Wegener: the sentence and its communicative functions
59. 9.3 A new psychology: Brentano's act psychology
60. 9.4 Ries: the grammarians' revenge - form vs. function
61. 9.5 A new philosophy: Husserl's phenomenology and the signifying act
62. 9.6 Koschmieder: a case of 'coincidence'
63. 9.7 Buhler: an integrated theory of language as system and language in use
64. 10 Pragmatics avant la lettre in France (and beyond): a theory of the speaking subject
65. 10.1 A new psychology: Taine's naturalism and positivism
66. 10.2 Breal: language and the speaking subject
67. 10.3 The individual and social psychology of speech and language
68. 10.5 A sociology of ritual acts
69. 10.6 Language and speech, functions and contexts
70. 10.7 Functional linguistics and a theory of enunciation
71. 11 Pragmatics avant la lettre in England: a theory of signs and contexts
72. 11.1 The birth of pragmatics in England under the name of 'significs'
73. 11.2 British Contextualism
74. 11.3 Austin: problems with statements
75. 12 Conclusion
76. Appendix
77. Notes
78. References
79. Primary sources
80. Secondary sources
81. Index

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Language, action, and context : the early history of pragmatics in Europe and America, 1780-1930

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