CiNii Books - Standard pressure-volume-temperature data for polymers

From the Introduction PVT data consists of records of the specific volume of a material (or its inverse, the density) as a function of pressure and temperature. There are many reasons why the specific volume of a material will undergo changes: changes in the temperature and pressure (thermal expansion and compression), phase changes (solid-solid phase transitions, melting, crystallization, glass transitions, mesophase transitions), degradation reactions, and many more. Conversely, PVT measurements can be used to study these phenomena and also to yield derivative data of direct importance to engineering applications of materials (compressibility, bulk modulus, thermal expansivity, etc.). PVT methods are part of a wide array of thermoanalytical techniques available to scientists and engineers, but PVT is the only commonly practiced technique that includes pressure as a variable. Polymers are sensitive to pressure: the volume itself, the pressure dependence of transition temperatures, and the kinetics of phase transitions are all significant, not only from a scientific point of view, but also for practical applications in polymer engineering, such as processing. Now published. This unique polymer reference book will be useful to all those involved in polymer research and advanced engineering. The more than 350 tables and graphs provide a wealth of important data in easy-to-use form. The introductory chapter provides details on methodology, equipment use, and information on the many ways in which PVT data can be used in research and engineering.

Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION Pressure-Volume-Temperature (PVT) Data: Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium States of Polymers
Scope of This Data Collection Equipment for PVT Measurements: Piston-Die Technique
Confining Fluid Technique
Equipment Used for Data in This Book Experimental Procedures: Stan- dard PVT Runs
Sample Preparation
Determination of the Specific Volume at Ambient Conditions Data Interpretation: Tables and Graphs in This Collection
Liquids
Materials Undergoing a Glass Transition
Materials Having a Melt Transition
Filled Materials and Blends Application of PVT Data Empirical and Theoretical Fits to PVT Data References 2. HYDROCARBONS n-Undecane (C11H24) n-Tetradecane (C14H30) n-Hexadecane (C16H34) n-Tetracosane (C24H50) n-Hexatriacotane (C36H74) n-Tetratetracotane (C44H90) 3. HYDROCARBON POLYMERS Polyethylene (linear) Polyethylene (branched) Polyethylene wax (M ~2100) Polyethylene wax (M ~1000) Poly(propylene) (atactic) Polypropylene (atactic) Polypropylene (isotactic) Poly(1-butene) (atactic) Poly(1-butene) (isotactic) Poly(1-octene) Polyisobutylene (M ~ 4.2 x 105) Polyisobutylene (M ~ 300) Polyisoprene (hydrogenated) Poly(4-methyl pentene-1) Polynorbornene Hydrocarbon resin Poly(ethylene-co-propylene) (23% polypropylene) Poly(ethylene-co-propylene) (57% propylene) Poly(ethylene-co-propylene) (76% propylene) Poly(ethylene-co-propylene) (84% propylene) Polybutadiene (M ~ 2.33 x 105) Polybutadiene (cis & trans) Polybutadiene (cis) Polybutadiene (M ~ 3000) Polybutadiene (M ~ 1000) Natural rubber 4. ETHYLENE POLYMERS crylic acid) Poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (9% methacrylic acid) Poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (11.5% methacrylic acid) Poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (12% methacrylic acid) Poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (15% methacrylic acid) Poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (20% methacrylic acid) Ionomer (~ 1.5% Na) Ionomer (~ 2.2% Na) Poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (9% acrylic acid) Poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (10% acrylic acid) Poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (20% acrylic acid) Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (56% vinyl alcohol) Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (62% vinyl alcohol) Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (70% vinyl alcohol) 5. STYRENICS Polystyrene (M ~ 1.1 x 105) Polystyrene (M ~ 34500) Polystyrene (M ~ 9000) Polystyrene (M ~ 910) Poly(4-chloro styrene) Poly(styrene-block-hydrogenated butadiene) 6. ACRYLICS Poly(methyl methacrylate) (M ~ 1 x 105) Poly(methyl methacrylate) (M ~ 40000) Poly(methyl methacrylate) (M ~ 25000) Poly(methyl methacrylate) (M ~ 10000) Poly(ethyl methacrylate) Poly(propyl methacrylate) Poly(n-propyl methacrylate) Poly(n-butyl methacrylate) Poly(n-hexyl methacrylate) Poly(lauryl methacrylate) Poly(isobutyl methacrylate) Poly(methyl acrylate) Poly(ethyl acrylate) Poly(n-propyl acrylate) Poly(n-butyl acrylate) Poly(acrylic acid) Poly(methacrylic acid) 7. POLYACRYLONITRILE AND COPOLYMERS Polyacrylonitrile Poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (25% acrylonitrile) Poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) (67% butadiene) Nitrile rubber compound 8. OTHER C-C MAIN CHAIN POLYMERS Poly(vinyl acetate) Poly(vinyl alcohol) Poly(vinyl butyral) Poly(vinyl carbazole) Poly(vinyl chloride) Poly(vinyl fluoride) Poly(vinyl formal) Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Poly(tetrafluoro ethylene) Fluoropolymer glass Fluoroelastomer compound Perfluoroelastomer compound 9. POLYETHERS Poly(methylene oxide) (homopolymer) Poly(methylene oxide) (copolymer) Poly(ethylene oxide) (M x105) Poly(ethylene oxide) (M ~ 18500) Poly(ethylene oxide) (M ~ 1540) Poly(ethylene oxide) (M ~ 600) Poly(ethylene oxide) (M ~ 300) Poly(ethylene oxide) mono methyl ether (M ~ 750) Poly(ethylene oxide) mono methyl ether (M ~ 350) Poly(ethylene oxide) dimethyl ether (M ~ 1000) Poly(ethylene oxide) dimethyl ether (M ~ 600) Poly(propylene oxide) (M ~ 4000) Poly(propylene oxide) (M ~ 2000) Poly(propylene oxide) (M ~ 1025) Poly(propylene oxide) (M ~ 400) Poly(propylene oxide) dimethyl ether (M ~ 2000) Poly(propylene oxide) dimethyl ether (M ~ 1025) Poly(propylene oxide) dimethyl ether (M ~ 400) Poly(hexafluoropropylene oxide) (M ~ 7000) Poly(hexafluoropropylene oxide) (M ~ 2000) Silicone fluid (commercial) Poly(dimethyl siloxane) (M ~ 1.5 x 106) Poly(dimethyl siloxane) (M ~ 2.24 x 105) Poly(dimethyl siloxane) (M ~ 17200) Poly(dimethyl siloxane) (M ~ 9670) Poly(dimethyl siloxane) (M ~ 3900) Poly(dimethyl siloxane) (M ~ 870) Poly(dimethyl siloxane) (M ~ 340) 10. POLYAMIDES Nylon 6 Nylon 7 Nylon 9 Nylon 11 Nylon 12 Nylon 4/6 Nylon 6/6 Nylon 6/6 (rubber toughened) Nylon 6/7 Nylon 6/8 Nylon 6/9 Nylon 6/10 Nylon 6/10 (pure) Nylon 6/12 Nylon 13/13 Nylon 6I/6T Aramid fiber 11. POLYESTERS Poly(ethylene adipate) Poly(ethylene succinate) Polycaprolactone Poly-L-lactide Poly(ethylene isophthalate) Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Poly(ethylene naphthenoate) Poly(butylene terephthalate) Bisphenol A isophthalate Polyarylate 12. VARIOUS MAIN CHAIN AROMATICS Polycarbonate Chloral polycarbonate Poly(2-6-dimethyl phenylene oxide) Phenoxy resin Polyetherimide Polyimide (film) Poly(ether ether ketone) Poly(ether sulphone) Polysulfone Poly(azomethine ether) (n = 4) Poly(azomethine ether) (n= 7) Poly(azomethine ether) (n= 8) Poly(azomethine ether) (n= 9) Poly(azomethine ether) (n= 10)Poly(azomethine ether) (n= 11) 13. BLENDS Polystyrenepoly(vinyl methyl ether) blend (90/10) Polystyrenepoly(vinyl methyl ether) blend (80/20) Polystyrenepoly(vinyl methyl ether) blend (70/30) Polystyrenepoly(vinyl methyl ether) blend (60/40) Poly- styrenepoly(vinyl methyl ether) blend (50/50) Polystyrenepoly(vinyl methyl ether) blend (40/60) Polystyrenepoly(vinyl methyl ether) blend (30/70) Polystyrenepoly(vinyl methyl ether) blend (20/80) Poly- styrenepoly(vinyl methyl ether) blend (10/90) Poly(2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide)polystyrene blend (90/10) Poly(2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide)polystyrene blend (80/20) Poly(2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide)poly- styrene blend (70/30) Poly(2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide)polystyrene blend (60/40) Poly(2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide)polystyrene blend (50/50) Poly(2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide)polystyrene blend (40/60) Poly(2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide)polystyrene blend (30/70) Poly(2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide)polystyrene blend (20/80) Poly(2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide)polystyrene blend (10/90) Polyethersulphonepoly- (ethylene oxide) blend (40/60) Polyethersulphonepoly(ethylene oxide) blend (20/80) 14. MISCELLANEOUS Starch triacetate >Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (14% vinyl acetate) Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (18% vinyl acetate) Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (25% vinyl acetate) Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (28% vinyl acetate) Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (33% vinyl acetate) Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (40% vinyl acetate) Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (65% vinyl acetate) Poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (4% metha

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Standard pressure-volume-temperature data for polymers

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