Television electronics : theory and servicing
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書誌事項
Television electronics : theory and servicing
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., c1983
8th ed
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注記
Includes index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
The eighth edition of Television Elec- * Chapter 7: Principles of Monochrome tronics: Theory and Servicing (formerly Television Receivers. This is a basic Television Simplified), has been completely block diagram explanation of the redesigned and updated to the current state operation cf monochrome television of the art. receivers. It also includes the test The purpose of the book is to prepare equipment and tests used for mono- electronics technicians and engineers for a chrome television receivers. career in some phase of the television indus- * Chapter 10: Frequency Synthesis, try and every effort has been made to ensure Automatic Fine Tuning, and Remote the book's usefulness. Control. This chapter includes dis- This book covers in detail the operation, cussions of binary numbers, digital circuitry, and trouble-shooting of solid-state frequency dividers, the phase-locked color and monochrome television receivers. loop, micro-computers, and frequency Some coverage of vacuum-tube television synthesis push-button tuning. The receivers is also presented.
Other current topics of Automatic Fine Tuning and and important topics that are covered in- Remote Control are also updated and clude (1) cable television, (2) video-tape and covered in detail. video-cassette recorders, (3) video games, (4) integrated circuits, (5) communications The material on vertical deflection oscil- satellites, (6) color television signal gener- lators has been placed in a separate chapter ation, (7) digital circuitry, and (8) closed- (Chapter 21), which also includes a digital circuit television.
目次
1 Television System Concepts.- 1.1 Digital techniques.- 1.2 Modem television receivers.- 1.3 Use of semiconductors in television receivers.- 1.4 Summary of desirable image characteristics.- 1.5 Picture detail.- 1.6 Block diagrams of the television system.- Summary.- 2 Television System Applications.- 2.1 Television systems that use cables.- 2.2 Extending the coverage of television.- 2.3 Videotape and video-disc recording.- 2.4 Video games.- 2.5 Projection television.- 2.6 Alpha-numeric and graphic displays.- 2.7 Summary of U.S. television standards.- 2.8 Foreign television standards.- Summary.- 3 Principles of Scanning, Synchronizing, and Video Signals.- 3.1 Basic television system.- 3.2 Introduction to scanning.- 3.3 Simplified scanning principles.- 3.4 Scanning rate.- 3.5 Flicker.- 3.6 The complete scanning process.- 3.7 Overview of blanking and synchronizing signals.- 3.8 The composite monochrome video signal.- 3.9 The horizontal sync and blanking pulses.- 3.10 Vertical sync, vertical blanking, and equalizing pulses.- 3.11 The color-synchronizing signal.- Summary.- 4 Video Signals and Picture Qualities.- 4.1 Negative and positive picture phase.- 4.2 Why television requires wide frequency bands.- 4.3 Effect of loss of low and high video frequencies.- 4.4 Desirable picture qualities.- 4.5 Components of the color video signal.- 4.6 Normal and special video signals.- Summary.- 5 Television Camera Tubes and Camera Systems.- 5.1 Basic TV camera fundamentals.- 5.2 Camera tube characteristics.- 5.3 Operation of the vidicon.- 5.4 Operation of the plumbicon.- 5.5 Silicon diode array vidicon.- 5.6 Silicon imaging device (SID).- 5.7 Single-tube color camera.- 5.8 Color television camera principles.- 5.9 Studio color television camera.- 5.10 Portable color TV camera.- 5.11 The minicam system.- 5.12 Special purpose TV cameras.- 5.13 Studio color video-tape recorder (VTR).- Summary.- 6 TV Wave Propagation and TV Antenna Systems.- 6.1 Radio wave propagation.- 6.2 Line-of-sight distance.- 6.3 Unwanted signal paths.- 6.4 Antenna characteristics.- 6.5 Tuned antennas.- 6.6 UHF antennas.- 6.7 General-purpose antennas.- 6.8 Combination antennas.- 6.9 RCA ministate antenna system.- 6.10 Indoor antennas.- 6.11 Antenna rotators.- 6.12 Transmission lines.- 6.13 Amplifying the antenna signal.- 6.14 Antenna-system accessories.- 6.15 Master-antenna distribution systems.- 6.16 Community-antenna television systems.- 6.17 Grounding and lightning protection.- 6.18 Trouble shooting antenna systems.- Summary.- 7 Principles of Monochrome Television Receivers.- 7.1 Some TV receiver fundamentals.- 7.2 Block diagram discussion.- 7.3 Monochrome television receiver controls.- 7.4 Use of PCs, ICs, FETs, MOSFETs and modular construction.- 7.5 Use of nu-vistor, novar, and compactron vacuum tubes.- 7.6 Types of test equipment used for monochrome TV receivers.- 7.7 General types of tests required for monochrome TV receivers.- 7.8 Some common monochrome TV receiver troubles.- Summary.- 8 Principles of Color Television.- 8.1 Elements of color.- 8.2 Chromaticity chart.- 8.3 The NTSC color television system.- 8.4 I and Q signals.- 8.5 Color-signal components.- 8.6 The color subcarrier.- 8.7 The color burst signal.- 8.8 Derivation of the color subcarrier frequency.- 8.9 Composite colorpexed video wave forms.- 8.10 How compatibility is achieved.- Summary.- 9 Principles of Color TV Receivers.- 9.1 RF tuner.- 9.2 Video-IF system.- 9.3 Sound IF, FM detector, and the audio system.- 9.4 Video detector and video amplifiers.- 9.5 Chrominance section.- 9.6 Color sync section.- 9.7 Sync separators and AGC.- 9.8 Horizontal- and vertical-deflection systems.- 9.9 High-voltage circuits.- 9.10 Color picture tube and convergence circuits.- 9.11 Processing color sidebands.- 9.12 Automatic circuits.- 9.13 Some common color TV receiver troubles.- Summary.- 10 TV-Receiver Tuners.- 10.1 Types of TV tuners for VHF and UHF reception.- 10.2 Electrical characteristics of tuners.- 10.3 Interference, stability, and noise problems in tuners.- 10.4 Channel allocations.- 10.5 Characteristics of tuned circuits.- 10.6 Vacuum tubes for tuners.- 10.7 Typical tube-type RF amplifiers.- 10.8 Transistor RF amplifiers.- 10.9 Field-effect transistors and RF amplifiers.- 10.10 Mixers and mixer circuit operation.- 10.11 Local oscillator operation.- 10.12 A typical nuvistor tuner.- 10.13 A typical transistor tuner.- 10.14 Varactor tuning and tuners.- 10.15 UHF solid-state tuners.- 10.16 Sources of trouble in VHF and UHF tuners.- Summary.- 11 Frequency Synthesis, AFT and Remote Control.- 11.1 The binary number system.- 11.2 Dividers and prescalers.- 11.3 The phase-locked loop (PLL).- 11.4 The microcomputer (jxC).- 11.5 The Quasar compu-matic touch-tuning system.- 11.6 Compu-matic circuit analysis.- 11.7 Automatic fine tuning (AFT).- 11.8 Functions of (AFT) systems.- 11.9 Functions and types of remote control devices.- 11.10 Ultrasonic remote control systems.- 11.11 Electronically generated sound signals.- 11.12 An electronic remote control system.- 11.13 A direct-access remote control system.- 11.14 Troubles in compu-matic tuning systems.- 11.15 Troubles in AFT circuits.- 11.16 Troubles in remote control systems.- Summary.- 12 Video IF Amplifiers.- 12.1 Major video IF functions.- 12.2 Frequency response curves.- 12.3 Comparison of vacuum tube and solid-state video IF Amplifiers.- 12.4 Types of video IF Amplifiers.- 12.5 Intermediate frequencies.- 12.6 Amplifier bandwidth.- 12.7 Stagger tuning.- 12.8 Interstage coupling.- 12.9 Wave traps.- 12.10 Sound IF frequency separation.- 12.11 Typical video IF Amplifiers.- 12.12 An IC video IF amplifier.- 12.13 Surface-acoustic wave filter (SAWF).- 12.14 Video-IF amplifier troubles.- Summary.- 13 Video Detectors.- 13.1 Positive- and negative-picture phases.- 13.2 Video detector filtering and high-frequency compensation.- 13.3 Shunt-video detectors.- 13.4 Video detectors in color television receivers.- 13.5 Synchronous (linear) video detectors.- 13.6 Synchronous video detector operation.- 13.7 Troubles in the video detector stage.- Summary.- 14 Automatic Gain Control (AGC) Circuits.- 14.1 General types of AGC circuits.- 14.2 Peak-AGC systems.- 14.3 Disadvantages of peak AGC.- 14.4 Keyed-AGC systems.- 14.5 Delayed AGC and diode clamping in AGC circuits.- 14.6 AGC systems in solid-state receivers.- 14.7 Noise cancellation circuits.- 14.8 Solid-state AGC system.- 14.9 AGC system in an RCA IC.- 14.10 Expanded block diagram of RCA IC noise processor.- 14.11 Expanded block diagram of RCA IC AGC processor.- 14.12 Troubles in AGC circuits.- Summary.- 15 Video Amplifiers.- 15.1 Video signal requirements of picture tubes.- 15.2 Video signal amplitude.- 15.3 Eye resolving power.- 15.4 Effects of loss of low- and high-video frequencies.- 15.5 The DC component of a video signal.- 15.6 Phase distortion.- 15.7 Square-wave response of video amplifiers.- 15.8 Video requirements for color TV.- 15.9 Types of video amplifiers for monochrome and color sets.- 15.10 Comparison of tube and solid-state video amplifiers.- 15.11 Contrast controls in video amplifiers.- 15.12 Automatic contrast control.- 15.13 Automatic brightness and contrast control.- 15.14 Video peaking.- 15.15 Improved video peaking system.- 15.16 The comb filter.- 15.17 Elementary comb filter.- 15.18 Comb filter block diagram.- Summary.- 16 Video Amplifier Design.- 16.1 The gain of a pentode-video amplifier.- 16.2 The gain of a transistor video amplifier.- 16.3 High-frequency behavior.- 16.4 Shunt peaking.- 16.5 Series peaking.- 16.6 Series-shunt peaking.- 16.7 Degenerative high-frequency compensation.- 16.8 Low-frequency compensation.- 16.9 The selection of tubes and transistors for video amplifiers.- 16.10 Typical transistor video amplifier circuits.- 16.11 Integrated circuits.- 16.12 Troubles in video-amplifier circuits.- Summary.- 17 DC Reinsertion.- 17.1 The DC component of video signals.- 17.2 Reinserting the DC component.- 17.3 DC reinsertion with a diode.- 17.4 Television receivers that do not employ DC restoration.- 17.5 DC restorers in color receivers 17.6 Troubles in DC restorer circuits.- Summary.- 18 TV Picture Tubes.- 18.1 Picture-tube specificatons.- 18.2 The electron gun.- 18.3 Electron-beam deflection.- 18.4 Electromagnetic deflection with electrostatic focus.- 18.5 Ion spots.- 18.6 Problems in obtaining brightness and contrast.- 18.7 Rectangular screens and tube-safety shields.- 18.8 Color-picture tube with a delta gun and color-dot triads.- 18.9 RCA in-line gun, color-picture tube.- 18.10 Trinitron-picture tube.- 18.11 Tri-potential color tube.- 18.12 Picture-tube protection considerations.- 18.13 Troubles in monochrome and color-picture tubes.- Summary.- 19 Low Voltage TV Power Supplies.- 19.1 Types of power supplies.- 19.2 Rectifiers.- 19.3 Filters.- 19.4 Transformer and transformerless power supplies.- 19.5 Voltage multipliers.- 19.6 Voltage regulators.- 19.7 The zener diode regulator.- 19.8 The series-pass transistor regulator.- 19.9 Three-terminal voltage regulators.- 19.10 Switching regulators.- 19.11 Solid-state monochrome power supplies.- 19.12 A hybrid color TV power supply.- 19.13 Horizontal frequency power supply.- 19.14 Troubles in low-voltage TV power supplies.- Summary.- 20 Synchronizing Circuits.- 20.1 Effects of loss of synchronization.- 20.2 Syncronizing pulse and video signal separation.- 20.3 Syncronizing pulse separator circuits.- 20.4 Reduction of noise to improve syncrhonization.- 20.5 Transistor noise-cancellation circuits.- 20.6 Syncronizing pulse separator in an RCA IC.- 20.7 Vertical and horizontal pulse separation.- 20.8 Function of the equalizing pulses.- 20.9 Vertical syncronizing pulse and equalizing pulse display.- 20.10 Syncrhonizing troubles.- Summary.- 21 Vertical Oscillators and Digital Countdown.- 21.1 Requirement for sawtooth current.- 21.2 Need for trapezoidal wave forms.- 21.3 The vacuum tube blocking oscillator.- 21.4 Vacuum tube blocking oscillator, sawtooth generator.- 21.5 Transistor blocking oscillators.- 21.6 A transistor-blocking oscillator, vertical deflection system.- 21.7 Vacuum tube plate-coupled multivibrators.- 21.8 Plate-coupled, multivibrator sawtooth generator.- 21.9 Combination vacuum tube multivibrator and output stave.- 21.10 Vacuum tube cathode-coupled multivibrators.- 21.11 Cathode-coupled, multivibrator-sawtooth generator.- 21.12 Synchronizing the multivibrator.- 21.13 Transistor multivibrator oscillators.- 21.14 Transistor, combination multivibrator and output stage.- 21.15 Miller integrator, vertical-deflection circuit.- 21.16 Digital vertical countdown circuits.- 21.17 Troubles in verticle deflection oscillator systems.- Summary.- 22 Horizontal Oscillators and Horizontal AFC.- 22.1 Fundamentals of horizontal AFC.- 22.2 Vacuum tube AFC and multivibrator circuits.- 22.3 Multivibrator stabilization.- 22.4 Solid-state AFC and Hartley oscillator circuits.- 22.5 Solid-state AFC and blocking oscillator.- 22.6 Reactance-controlled, sinusoidal oscillator.- 22.7 Digital horizontal countdown.- 22.8 Troubles in horizontal oscillator and AFC systems.- Summary.- 23 Horizontal Output Deflection Circuits and High Voltage.- 23.1 Horizontal output block diagram.- 23.2 Vacuum tube monochrome circuits.- 23.3 Flyback high voltage.- 23.4 Solid-state monochrome TV circuits.- 23.5 Transistor horizontal output circuits.- 23.6 Solid-state dampers.- 23.7 NPN and PNP horizontal output stages.- 23.8 Adjustments in monochrome TV receivers.- 23.9 Vacuum tube color TV horizontal output circuits.- 23.10 Solid-state color TV horizontal output circuits.- 23.11 Pincushion (PIN) distortion.- 23.12 Silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) horizontal output circuits.- 23.13 Horizontal output transformers and special assemblies.- 23.14 Deflection yokes.- 23.15 Horizontal high-voltage components.- 23.16 Adjustments in color-TV horizontal systems.- 23.17 X-ray emission.- 23.18 X-ray protection circuits.- 23.19 Troubles in horizontal-deflection circuits.- 23.20 High-voltage troubles.- 23.21 Relationship between horizontal and high-voltage problems.- Summary.- 24 Vertical Output Deflection Circuits.- 24.1 Operation of vertical-deflection circuits.- 24.2 Special requirements for monochrome TV transistor vertical-deflection circuits.- 24.3 Special requirements for color transistor and vacuum tube vertical output circuits.- 24.4 Vertical dynamic convergence.- 24.5 Vertical blanking.- 24.6 Monochrome TV vacuum tube vertical output circuit.- 24.7 Monochrome TV transistor vertical output circuits.- 24.8 Color transistor vertical output circuit.- 24.9 Vertical output transformers.- 24.10 Vertical yokes.- 24.11 Troubles in vertical output circuits.- Summary.- 25 The FM Sound System.- 25.1 Review of AM and FM systems.- 25.2 Glossary of FM terminology.- 25.3 Properties of FM waves.- 25.4 Advantages and disadvantages of FM.- 25.5 Preemphasis and deemphasis.- 25.6 The TV receiver FM sound section.- 25.7 The 4.5-MHz sound-IF amplifier.- 25.8 Sound-IF limiting.- 25.9 A basic FM discriminator.- 25.10 The Foster-Seeley discriminator.- 25.11 The ratio detector.- 25.12 The quadrature detector.- 25.13 The transistor quadrature detector.- 25.14 The phase-locked loop (PLL) FM detector.- 25.15 A digital FM demodulator.- 25.16 The FM differential peak detector.- 25.17 A complete vacuum tube sound section.- 25.18 A complete transistor sound section.- 25.19 A partial 1C sound section.- 25.20 A complete IC sound section.- 25.21 Complementary-symmetry audio push-pull output stage.- Summary.- 26 Color TV Receiver Circuit Analysis, Test Equipment and Alignment.- 26.1 The monochrome section.- 26.2 The color section.- 26.3 Equipment for TV receiver alignment.- 26.4 The oscilloscope.- 26.5 Sweep alignment generators.- 26.6 RF signal generators.- 26.7 Marker signals.- 26.8 Color pattern generators.- 26.9 Solid state (analog and digital) multimeters.- 26.10 Alignment using frequency-sweep generator.- 26.11 Alignment using bar sweep generator.- 26.12 Horizontal AFC and anode voltage adjustments.- 26.13 Color picture tube adjustments Summary.- 27 Servicing and Troubleshooting Television Receivers.- 27.1 Color-picture tube test jig.- 27.2 Transistor tester 27.3 Picture-tube analyzer and restorer.- 27.4 Picture-tube brighteners.- 27.5 High-voltage probes.- 27.6 Substitute tuner (subber).- 27.7 Horizontal-output transformers, horizontal yoke and vertical-yoke testing.- 27.8 Analysis and isolation of TV-receiver malfunctions 27.9 Isolation by observation.- 27.10 Localizing color troubles by observation.- 27.11 Signal injection.- 27.12 Signal tracing.- 27.13 Troubleshooting the tuner section.- 27.14 Troubleshooting the video-IF and video-detector circuits.- 27.15 Troubleshooting the AGC section.- 27.16 Troubleshooting the video amplifiers.- 27.17 Troubleshooting picture tubes and associated circuits.- 27.18 Troubleshooting low-voltage power supplies.- 27.19 Troubleshooting sync-separator stages.- 27.20 Troubleshooting the vertical-deflection system.- 27.21 Troubleshooting the horizontal-deflection system.- 27.22 Guidepoints for troubleshooting color-TV receivers.- 27.23 Color-TV receiver troubles in monochrome circuits.- 27.24 Color-TV receiver troubles in color circuits.- Summary.- Appendices.- Appendix I: U.S. Television Channels and Related Frequencies.- Appendix II. Frequently Used Metric Units.- Appendix III: SI Unit Prefixes.- Appendix IV: Binary Numbers.- Answers to Selected Questions and Problems.
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