The bakers of Paris and the bread question, 1700-1775

著者

書誌事項

The bakers of Paris and the bread question, 1700-1775

Steven Laurence Kaplan

Duke University Press, 1996

  • : cloth
  • : pbk

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注記

Bibliography: p. [717]-744

Includes index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

In preindustrial Europe, dependence on grain shaped every phase of life from economic development to spiritual expression, and the problem of subsistence dominated the everyday order of things in a merciless and unremitting way. Steven Laurence Kaplan's The Bakers of Paris and the Bread Question, 1700-1775 focuses on the production and distribution of France's most important commodity in the sprawling urban center of eighteenth-century Paris where provisioning needs were most acutely felt and most difficult to satisfy. Kaplan shows how the relentless demand for bread constructed the pattern of daily life in Paris as decisively and subtly as elaborate protocol governed the social life at Versailles. Despite the overpowering salience of bread in public and private life, Kaplan's is the first inquiry into the ways bread exercised its vast and significant empire. Bread framed dreams as well as nightmares. It was the staff of life, the medium of communion, a topic of common discourse, and a mark of tradition as well as transcendence. In his exploration of bread's materiality and cultural meaning, Kaplan looks at bread's fashioning of identity and examines the conditions of supply and demand in the marketplace. He also sets forth a complete history of the bakers and their guild, and unmasks the methods used by the authorities in their efforts to regulate trade. Because the bakers and their bread were central to Parisian daily life, Kaplan's study is also a comprehensive meditation on an entire society, its government, and its capacity to endure. Long-awaited by French history scholars, The Bakers of Paris and the Bread Question, 1700-1775 is a landmark in eighteenth-century historiography, a book that deeply contextualizes, and thus enriches our understanding of one of the most important eras in European history.

目次

List of Illustrations ix List of Tables xiii Acknowledgments xv Introduction 1 I. Bread: Demand and Supply 21 1. Breadways 23 2. Bread Making 61 3. Baker Shops and Bread Markets 81 4. The Forain World 116 5. Bread on Credit 137 II. Bakers: Social Structure and Life Cycle 153 6. The Guild 155 7. From Apprentice to Journeyman 192 8. At Work 227 9. The Journeyman's World Outside the Shop 250 10. Establishment 271 11. Marriage Strategies and Family Life 302 12. Fortune 337 13. Bakers as Debtors 377 14. Failure 400 15. Reputation 423 III. Police of Bread and Bakers 437 16. Primer to Policing: Figuring Supply and Consumption 439 17. The Police of Bakers 458 18. Setting the Price of Bread 493 19. Policing the Price of Bread, 1725-1780 521 Conclusion 567 Appendixes 581 Notes 591 Bibliography 717 Index 745

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