Database systems : a practical approach to design, implementation, and management
Author(s)
Bibliographic Information
Database systems : a practical approach to design, implementation, and management
（International computer science series）
Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., c1996
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 811-821) and index
Description and Table of Contents
Description
Powerful database systems running on all platforms from PCs to mainframes are vital for the success of modern companies and institutions. This book will enable users to design database systems that are flexible and efficient, following a proven methodology for both logical and physical database design.
Highlights of the book include * A step-by-step methodology for logical database design, integrating the Entity Relationship Model with normalization, and showing how to map this on to a physical implementation * A realistic case study integrated throughout the book, illustrating all stages in the development process * Extensive treatment of formal and de facto standards, including SQL, QBE and the ODMG standard for object databases * A clear introduction to implementation and management aspects, including concurrency and recovery control, security and integrity * Comprehensive chapters on distributed and object-oriented databases, including a preview of SQL3 The practical, hands-on approach will benefit students in computing, information systems, engineering and business, while its industrial-strength methodology can be followed by systems analysts/designers, systems or application programmers, and database adm inistrators. All three authors have experience of database design in industry, and now apply this in their teaching and research at the University of Paisley in Scotland.
Thomas Connolly has significant industrial experience and was a designer of RAPPORT, the world's first commercial portable DBMS, and of the LIFESPAN configuration management tool -- a winner of the British Design Award. Carolyn Begg specializes in the application of database systems in the medical domain, while Anne Strachan focuses on problems associated with large diverse data sets in organizations. 0201422778B04062001
Table of Contents
1. Introduction to Databases. Introduction. Traditional File-based Systems. File-based Approach. Limitations of the File-based Approach. Database Approach. The Database. The Database Management System (DBMS). Components of the DBMS Environment. Database Design - The Paradigm Shift. Roles in the Database Environment. Data and Database Administrators. Database Designers. Application Programmers. End Users. The History of Database Systems. Advantages and Disadvantages of Database Systems. The DreamHome Case Study. Student Project -- The Wellmeadows Hospital Case Study. Chapter Summary. Review Questions. Exercises. 2. Database Environment. The 3-Level ANSI-SPARC Architecture. External Level. Conceptual Level. Internal Level. Schemas, Mappings and Instances. Data Independence. Database Languages. The Data Definition Language (DDL). The Data Manipulation Language (DML). 4GL. Data Models and Conceptual Modelling. Object-based Data Models. Record-based Data Models. Physical Data Models. Conceptual Modelling. Functions of a DBMS. Components of a DBMS. Multi-User DBMS Architectures. Data Dictionaries. Information Resource Dictionary System (IRDS). Chapter Summary. Review Questions. Exercises. 3. Relational Data Model. Brief History of the Relational Model. Terminology. Relational Data Structure. Mathematical Relations. Database Relations. Properties of Relations. Relational Keys. Representing Relational Database Schemas. Relational Integrity. NULLs. Entity Integrity. Referential Integrity. Enterprise Constraints. Relational Languages. Relational Algebra. Relational Calculus. Other Languages. Views. Terminology. Purpose of Views. Updating Views. When is a DBMS Relational? Chapter Summary. Review Questions. Exercises. 4. Database Planning, Design and Administration. Overview of the Information Systems Lifecycle. The Database Application Lifecycle. Database Planning. System Definition. Requirements Collection and Analysis. Database Design. DBMS Selection. Application Design. Prototyping. Implementation. Data Conversion and Loading. Testing. Operational Maintenance. Overview of Database Design. Logical Database Design. Physical Database Design. Application Design. Transaction Design. User Interface Design Guidelines. CASE Support. DBMS Selection. Choosing the Best System. Data and Database Administration. Data Administration Role. Data Administration Functions. Database Administration Role. Database Administration Functions. Comparison of Data and Database Administration Roles. Chapter Summary. Review Questions. Exercises. 5. Entity Relationship Modelling. The Concepts of the Entity-Relationship Model. Entity Types. Attributes. Relationship Types. Attributes on Relationships. Structural Constraints. Cardinality Constraints. Participation Constraints. Problems with ER Models. Fan Traps. Chasm Traps. The Enhanced Entity-Relationship Model. Superclasses and Subclasses of Entity Types. Attribute Inheritance. Specialization. Generalization. Constraints on Specialization and Generalization. The Manager's View of the DreamHome Case Study -- Building an ER Model. The Manager's Requirements Specification. Building an ER Model. CASE Tools for ER Modelling. Chapter Summary. Review Questions. Exercises. 6. Normalization The Purpose of Normalization. Information Redundancy and Update Anomalies. Insertion Anomalies. Deletion Anomalies. Modification Anomalies. Functional Dependencies. Definition of Functional Dependency. The Process of Normalization. First Normal Form (1NF). Second Normal Form (2NF). Full Functional Dependency. Definition of Second Normal Form. Third Normal Form (3NF). Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF). Definition of Boyce-Codd Normal Form. Review of Normalization (1NF to BCNF). First Normal Form (1NF). Second Normal Form (2NF). Third Normal Form (3NF). Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF). Chapter Summary. Review Questions. Exercises. 7. Methodology -- Logical Database Design. Database Design Methodology. What is a Design Methodology? Logical and Physical Database Design. Overview of Methodology. Critical Success Factors in Logical Database Design. The Logical Database Design Methodology. STEP 1: Build Local Conceptual Data Model from User View. STEP 1.1: Identify Entity Types. STEP 1.2: Identify Relationship Types. STEP 1.3: Identify and Associate Attributes with Entity or Relationship Types. STEP 1.4: Determine Attribute Domains. STEP 1.5: Determine Candidate and Primary Key Attributes. STEP 1.6: Specialize / Generalize Entity Types (Optional Step). STEP 1.7: Draw Entity-Relationship Diagram. STEP 2: Build and Validate Local Logical Data Model. STEP 2.1: Map Local Conceptual Data Model to Local Logical Data Model. STEP 2.2: Derive Relations from Local Logical Data Model. STEP 2.3: Validate Model using Normalization. STEP 2.4: Validate Model against User Transactions. STEP 2.5: Draw Entity-Relationship Diagram. STEP 2.6: Identify Integrity Constraints. STEP 2.7: Review Local Logical Data Model with User. STEP 3: Build and Validate Global Logical Data Model. STEP 3.1: Merge Local Logical Data Models into Global Model. STEP 3.2: Validate Global Logical Data Model. STEP 3.3: Check for Future Growth. STEP 3.4: Draw Final Entity-Relationship Diagram. STEP 3.5: Review Global Logical Data Model with Users. Review Questions. 8. Logical Database Design Methodology -- Worked Example. The Supervisor--s Requirements Specification. Database Requirements. Database Transactions. Using the Logical Database Design Methodology for the Relational Data Model. STEP 1: Build Local Conceptual Data Model based on the Supervisor's View. STEP 1.1: Identify Entity Types. STEP 1.2: Identify Relationship Types. STEP 1.3: Identify and Associate Attributes with Entity or Relationship Types. STEP 1.4: Determine Domains. STEP 1.5: Determine Candidate and Primary Key Attributes. STEP 1.6: Specialize / Generalize Entity Types (Optional Step). STEP 1.7: Draw Entity-Relationship (ER) Diagram. STEP 2: Build and Validate Local Logical Data Model. STEP 2.1: Map Local Conceptual Data Model to Local Logical Data Model. STEP 2.2: Derive Relations from Local Logical Data Model. STEP 2.3: Validate Model using Normalization. STEP 2.4: Validate Model against User Transactions. STEP 2.5: Draw Entity-Relationship Diagram. STEP 2.6: Define Integrity Constraints. STEP 2.7: Review Local Logical Data Model with User. STEP 3: Build Global Logical Data Model. STEP 3.1: Merge Local Logical Data Models into Global Model. STEP 3.2: Validate Global Logical Data Model. STEP 3.3: Check for Future Growth. STEP 3.4: Draw Final Entity-Relationship Diagram. 9. Methodology -- Physical Database Design. Introduction. The Database Design Process. Overview of Physical Database Design Methodology. Physical Database Design and Implementation for Relational Databases. STEP 4: Translate Global Logical Data Model for Target DBMS. STEP 4.1: Design Base Relations for Target DBMS. STEP 4.2: Design Enterprise Constraint Rules for Target DBMS. STEP 5: Design Physical Representation. STEP 5.1: Analyze Transactions. STEP 5.2: Choose File Organization. STEP 5.3: Choose Secondary Indexes. STEP 5.4: Consider the Introduction of Controlled Redundancy. STEP 5.5: Estimate Disk Space. STEP 6: Design Security Mechanisms. STEP 6.1: Design User Views. STEP 6.2: Design Access Rules. STEP 7: Monitor and Tune Operational System. Chapter Summary. Review Questions. Exercises. 10. Physical Database Design -- Worked Example. Paradox for Windows DBMS. Using the Physical Database Design and Implementation Methodology for Relational Databases. STEP 4: Translate Global Logical Data Model for Target DBMS. STEP 4.1: Design Base Relations for Target. STEP 4.2: Design Enterprise Rules for Target DBMS. STEP 5: Design and Implement Physical Representation. STEP 5.1: Analyze Transactions. STEP 5.2: Choose File Organization. STEP 5.3: Choose Secondary Indexes. STEP 5.4: Consider the Introduction of Controlled Redundancy. STEP 5.5: Estimate Disk Space. STEP 6: Design and Implement Security Mechanisms. STEP 6.1: Design User Views. STEP 6.2: Design Access Rules. STEP 7: Monitor and Tune the Operational System. 11. SQL. Introduction to SQL. Objectives of SQL. History of SQL. Importance of SQL. Writing SQL Commands. Data Manipulation. Simple Queries. Sorting Results (ORDER BY Clause). Using the SQL Aggregate Functions. Grouping Results (GROUP BY Clause). Restricting Grouping (HAVING Clause). Subqueries. ANY and ALL. Multi-Table Queries. Outer Joins. EXISTS and NOT EXISTS. Combining Result Tables (UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT). Database Updates. Adding Data to the Database (INSERT). Modifying Data in the Database (UPDATE). Deleting Data from the Database (DELETE). Data Definition. SQL Identifiers. The ISO SQL Data Types. Creating a Database. Creating a Table (CREATE TABLE). 0201422778T04062001
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