Environmental policy between regulation and market
著者
書誌事項
Environmental policy between regulation and market
（Themenhefte / Schwerpunktprogramm umwelt）
Birkhäuser Verlag, c1997
- : Basel
- : Boston
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注記
Includes bibliographical references
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Environmental policies have traditionally relied on direct controls and on government investment to protect natural resources. Today, the drawbacks and impediments to this approach are evident: heavy burdens borne by companies and the community, complex regulations, a danger of legislative inflation, difficulties in meeting the goals set, to name a few. In response, the environmental authorities in many countries have begun to reassess the efficacy of their programs, with the result that market incentives and voluntary agreements with companies or branches of industry have been added to the arsenal of traditional environmental protection measures. There are great expectations for new economic instruments, which offer the twofold advantage of giving companies more freedom in the choice of means, and of increasing the chances for meeting goals in a more cost-effective way. The authors of this book analyse these instruments - green taxes, tradeable permits, covenants, joint implementation, internationally tradeable quotas - from the point of view of costeffectiveness, their ability to achieve environmental goals, and public and corporate acceptability. They endeavour to determine on the basis of experience to date, whether these instruments are living up to the hopes placed in them.
目次
1. Introduction.- Economic Instruments for Environmental Policy.- 2. Environmental Charges.- 2.1 Environmental Taxes: Analytical Framework.- 2.2 Environmental Taxes in the Italian White Paper on Fiscal Reform.- 2.3 Cars and Environment in Switzerland: What Kind of Taxes?.- 3. Greening of the Tax System.- 3.1 Principles of an Ecological Fiscal Reform.- 3.2 Testing the Double Dividend Hypothesis for a Carbon Tax in a Small Open Economy.- 4. Tradeable Permits.- 4.1 Designing Efficient Treaties to Protect the Global Environment.- 4.2 Designing a Trading Programme for Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides in the Northeastern United States.- 4.3 Emission Trading: The Basle Experience.- 4.4 A Tradeable Permit Market for NOX: An Application to the Chablais Region.- 4.5 Tradeable Permits in Switzerland: The Legal Perspective.- 5. Covenants.- 5.1 Covenants from Instrument of Environmental Policy to Implementation Tool.- 5.2 Covenants as Central Elements in an Effective Environmental Policy Mix.- 6. Acceptability of Economic Instruments.- 6.1 Economic Instruments and Social Acceptability: A Debate about Values.- 7. Direct Regulation and Economic Incentives: Opposition or Complementarity?.- 7.1 Direct Regulation and Economic Instruments: Antagonists or Allies?.- 7.2 Regulations and Market-based Instruments in Swiss Environmental Policy.- 8. Conclusion.- What Have We Learned About Market-based Instruments?.
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