The role of microenvironment in axonal regeneration : influences of lesion-induced changes and glial implants on the regeneration of the postcommissural fornix
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Bibliographic Information
The role of microenvironment in axonal regeneration : influences of lesion-induced changes and glial implants on the regeneration of the postcommissural fornix
（Advances in anatomy, embryology and cell biology, vol. 137）
Springer, c1997
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Includes bibliographical references and index
Description and Table of Contents
Description
Since the pioneering studies of Ramon y Cajal the inability of lesioned adult CNS axons to regenerate has been well established. During the past years advancements in molecular, cellular and biochemical knowledge have provided new insights into the extrinsic mechanims underlying regeneration failure. The rapid progress in this field has already led to the development of new concepts for therapeutic manipulations. This book provides a comprehensive overview of structural and molecular changes induced by an invasive CNS lesion and their involvements in regeneration processes. Moreover, it demonstrates the strong growth-promoting actitivies of implanted glial cells. The data is discussed in relation to current knowledge on the mechanisms of axonal degeneration and regeneration and in terms of their relevance for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Table of Contents
1 Introduction.- 1.1 Axonal Regeneration in the Adult Mammalian CNS.- 1.2 Barriers and Inhibitors of Axonal Regeneration.- 1.3 Experimental Approaches to Foster Axonal Regeneration.- 1.4 Postcommissural Fornix - the Lesion and Implantation Model.- 2 Aims of the Study.- 3 Material and Methods.- 3.1 Cell Culture.- 3.1.1 Astroblasts.- 3.1.2 Schwann Cells.- 3.2 Surgical Procedures.- 3.2.1 Unilateral Transection of the Postcommissural Fornix.- 3.2.2 Microimplantation of Glial Cells.- 3.2.3 Anterograde Tracing.- 3.3 Tissue Processing.- 3.3.1 Perfusion and Vibratome Sections.- 3.3.2 Cryostat Sections.- 3.3.3 Embedding, Semi- and Ultrathin Sections.- 3.4 Histological Methods.- 3.5 Immunohistochemical Methods.- 3.5.1 Antibodies.- 3.5.2 Cell Culture.- 3.5.3 Sections.- 3.6 In Situ Hybridisation.- 3.7 Data Analysis.- 4 Results.- 4.1 Unlesioned Postcommissural Fornix.- 4.2 Sequence of Cellular and Molecular Reactions to Axonal Transection.- 4.2.1 Early Responses (1- to 3-day lesions).- 4.2.2 Medium-Term Responses (9- to 14-day lesions).- 4.2.3 Long-Term Responses (4-Week to 28-Month Lesions).- 4.3 Glial Cell Implantations.- 4.3.1 Immature Astrocytes.- 4.3.2 Schwann Cells.- 5 Discussion.- 5.1 Role of Lesion-Induced Cellular and Molecular Changes in Degeneration and Regeneration Processes.- 5.1.1 Reactive Astrocytes.- 5.1.2 Activated Microglia/Macrophages.- 5.1.3 Extracellular Matrix Molecules.- 5.1.4 Myelin Proteins.- 5.2 The Impact of Glial Implants on Axonal Regeneration.- 5.2.1 Immature Astrocytes.- 5.2.2 Schwann Cells.- 6 Summary and Perspectives.- References.
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