Cultural anthropology : understanding a world in transition
著者
書誌事項
Cultural anthropology : understanding a world in transition
Allyn and Bacon, c1998
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注記
Bibliography: p. 498-509
Includes indexes
内容説明・目次
内容説明
This introduction to cultural anthropology text uses a global approach to examine basic anthropological concepts within a regional context, providing an analysis of contemporary issues throughout. This text utilizes a political ecology perspective, which combines cultural ecology, with its emphasis on adaptation, and political economy, which focuses on the links between productive activity, trade, and distribution of power. This text presents anthropology as a discipline that is indispensable in understanding the dynamics of contemporary intercultural interactions and ethnic conflict.
The global approach directs attention both to Western and non-Western traditional and complex societies, where archeological, historical and contemporary data is used to show how cultures adapt and interact over time and within our contemporary global community. The book explores the effects of colonialism, trade and capitalism on the local indigenous cultures of each region, but also shows how contemporary indigenous and minority groups are taking action, in both constructive and destructive ways. While all the traditional anthropological topics are covered, this book also provides an overview of key events in the prehistory and history of Western civilization including a chapter on the rise of capitalism and a chapter on American culture. It also explores, in the relevant regional chapters, the contemporary transitions from economies based on central planning and state ownership of industries to more capitalistic economies, the struggles to institute democratic reforms and the efforts to establish national identities and boundaries in multi-ethnic regions formerly united by repressive political systems.
目次
All chapters close with "Summary" and "Key Terms."
1.Studying Anthropology.
What Is Anthropology?
Culture with a Big "C."
Characteristics of Culture.
The Perspective of Anthropology.
Anthropology, Culture Change, and Globalization.
2.Studying Cultures.
Perspectives on Cultures.
Culture, Cognition, and Language.
Doing Ethnography: Fieldwork.
3.The Early History of Anthropological Thought: Unilineal Evolution and Diffusion.
The Classic Phase of Anthropological Thought, 1900-1970.
Contemporary Theory in Cultural Anthropology.
Understanding the Interaction of Changing Cultural Systems: Political Ecology.
4.Culture in America.
Capitalism and Democratic Politics.
The Origins of Democratic Capitalism (Community).
The Modern American State: Mass Democracy and Pluralist Society.
Individualism in American Society.
Globalization and Our Postmodern Society.
Anthropology, Ethnography, and Research on American Social Issues.
The Family, Sex, and Gender in Modern Societies.
5.Bands and Tribes: Remote Peripheries.
Hunter-Gatherer Bands: Existing Outside of Civilization.
Tribes of the Periphery.
6.Chiefdoms and Pre-Modern States: Core-Periphery Relations.
Chiefdoms.
The Rise of Chiefdoms and States.
The Dynamics of Archaic States and Empires.
The Origin of Feudalism in Ancient Europe.
7.The Modern World: Capitalism, World Systems, and Globalization.
The Mercantilist Roots of Capitalism.
The Industrial Revolution and the Rise of Capitalism.
The Rise of Modern Democratic Capitalism.
Anti-Capitalist Revolutions.
The Globalization of the World System.
8.Ethnicity, Ethnic Conflict, and Social Movements.
Ethnicity and Ethnic Identity.
Contemporary Social Movements.
Multiculturalism and Indigenous Rights: The Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement.
From Anti-Capitalist to Pro-Capitalist Movements.
9.Africa: Overcoming a Colonial Legacy.
Africa and Anthropology in the Twentieth Century.
The Geography and Ethnography of Africa.
Political Ecology, Trade, and Empire Building.
The Emergence of Slave Trade Societies in the West.
The Heritage of Colonialism.
Regional War and Ethnic Conflict.
The Democratic Transition in South Africa.
10.The Middle East: Ethnicity, Oil, and Conflict.
Political Ecology and Cultural Diversity: An Historical Overview.
The Rise of Independent States in the Middle East.
Modernization and Islamic Fundamentalism.
11.Asia: The Emerging Tigers.
Changing Ideas about Asia.
Human Ecology and Cultural Diversity.
China: From Confucianism to Communism.
Modernizing India: The Response to Colonialism.
Colonial Rule.
Indonesia: An Emerging Tiger.
Changing Vietnam: Another Tiger Emerging?
Japan: The Leading Asian Tiger.
12.Latin America: Political Bosses, Dependency, and Democratic Reform.
From Tribes to States in Mesoamerica.
The Emergence of Civilizations in the Andes.
The Invasion and Its Aftermath.
The Colonial Period.
The Period of Caudillos in Latin America: 1810-1930.
Dependency, Revolution, and the Rise of State Capitalism.
Indigenous Strategies of Cultural Survival.
13.Global Problems, International Development, and Anthropology in the Third Millennium.
Global Problems.
International Development and Development Anthropology.
International Development Aid.
Sustainable Development.
Development Anthropology and the Anthropology of Development.
Glossary.
References.
Name Index.
Subject Index.
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