Equality of opportunity

著者

書誌事項

Equality of opportunity

John E. Roemer

Harvard University Press, 1998

  • : hbk
  • : pbk

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注記

Includes bibliographical references (p. [116]-117) and index

内容説明・目次

巻冊次

: pbk ISBN 9780674004221

内容説明

John Roemer points out that there are two views of equality of opportunity that are widely held today. The first, which he calls the nondiscrimination principle, states that in the competition for positions in society, individuals should be judged only on attributes relevant to the performance of the duties of the position in question. Attributes such as race or sex should not be taken into account. The second states that society should do what it can to level the playing field among persons who compete for positions, especially during their formative years, so that all those who have the relevant potential attributes can be considered. Common to both positions is that at some point the principle of equal opportunity holds individuals accountable for achievements of particular objectives, whether they be education, employment, health, or income. Roemer argues that there is consequently a "before" and an "after" in the notion of equality of opportunity: before the competition starts, opportunities must be equalized, by social intervention if need be; but after it begins, individuals are on their own. The different views of equal opportunity should be judged according to where they place the starting gate which separates "before" from "after." Roemer works out in a precise way how to determine the location of the starting gate in the different views.

目次

Preface Introduction Circumstances, Types, and Autonomous Choice Justifying the Proposal A Formal Definition of Equality of Opportunity Incentive Properties of the EOp Mechanism Equality of Opportunity with Production Equality of Opportunity for Welfare Equality of Opportunity for Health Education and Advantage Equal-Opportunity Unemployment Insurance The EOp Distribution of Educational Finance in the United States The Scope and Extent of Equal Opportunity To What Extent Should We Equalize Opportunities? Affirmative Action Concluding Remarks References Index
巻冊次

: hbk ISBN 9780674259911

内容説明

John Roemer points out that there are two views of equality of opportunity that are widely held in the late-20th century. The first, which he calls the nondiscrimination principle, states that in the competition for positions in society, individuals should be judged only on attributes relevant for the performance of the duties of the position in question. Attributes such as race or sex should not be taken into account. The second states that society should do what it can to level the playing field among persons who compete for positions, especially during their formative years, so that all those who have the relevant "potential" attributes can be considered. Common to both positions is that at some point the principle of equal opportunity holds individuals accountable for achievements of particular objectives, whether they be education, employment, health, or income. The author argues there is consequently a "before" and "after" in the notion of equality of opportunity: before the competition starts, opportunities must be equalized, by social intervention if need be; but after it begins, individuals are on their own. The different views of equal opportunity should be judged according to where they place the starting gate which separates "before" and "after". John Roemer shows here how to determine the location of the starting gate in the different views.

目次

  • Circumstances, types and autonomous choice
  • jusifying the proposal
  • a formal definition of equality of opportunity
  • incentive properties of the EOp mechanism
  • equality of opportunity with production
  • equality of opportunity for welfare
  • equality of opportunity for health
  • education and advantage
  • equal-opportunity unemployment insurance
  • the EOp distribution of educational finance in the United States
  • the scope and extent of equal opportunity
  • to what extent should we equalize opportunities
  • affirmative action
  • concluding remarks.

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