Nature's purposes : analyses of function and design in biology
著者
書誌事項
Nature's purposes : analyses of function and design in biology
（Bradford book）
MIT Press, c1998
- : hbk
- : pbk
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注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
- 巻冊次
-
: hbk ISBN 9780262011686
内容説明
Within the natural sciences, only biologists take seriously teleological statements about design, purpose and adaptive function. Some biologists claim that to understand the complex morphological and behavioural traits of organisms we must say what they are for, which is to give a teleological explanation of why organisms have them. Others argue that the theory of natural selection, in providing statistical explanations for the same phenomena, obviates any need for teleological thinking. If teleology cannot be eliminated from biology, it raises fundamental questions about the nature of biological explanation and about the relationship of biology to the rest of science. To account for "nature's purposes" is arguably the most important basic issue in the philosophy of biology. This volume aims to provide a guide to the discussion among biologists and philosophers about the role of concepts such as function and design in an evolutionary understanding of life.
All of the contributors examine biological teleology from a naturalistic perspective, most of them maintain that teleological claims in biology both describe and explain something - but opinions vary as to exactly what is explained and how.
目次
- Part 1 Looking backwards - teleology as etiology: teleological explanations in evolutionary biology, Francisco J. Ayala
- functions, Larry Wright
- biological teleology - questions and explanations, Robert N. Brandon. Part 2 Don't look back - nonhistorical approaches to biological teleology
- the inference of function from structure in fossils, M.J.S. Rudwick
- adaptation and the form-function complex, Walter J. Bock and Gerd von Wahlert
- functional analysis, Robert Cummins
- teleology revisited, Ernest Nagel
- functions, John Bigelow and Robert Pargetter
- where's the good in teleology?, Mark Bedau. Part 3 Critical developments: in defence of proper functions, Ruth Garrett Millikan
- functions as selected effects - the conceptual analyst's defence, Karen Neander
- function without purpose - the uses of casual role function in evloutionary biology, Ron Amundson and George V. Lauder
- functions and goal directedness, Berent Enc and Fred Adams
- function, fitness and disposition, Sandra D. Mitchell. Part 4 Synthesis or pluralism?: the concept of function, R.A.
- functional analysis and proper functions, Paul E. Griffiths
- a modern history theory and proper functions, Peter Godfrey-Smith
- function and design, Philip Kitcher. Part 5 Design: historical biology and the problems of design, George V. Lauder
- exaptation - a missing term in the science of form, Stephen Jay Gould and Elizabeth S. Vrba
- adaptation and the form-function relation, Carl Gans
- biological function, adaptation, and natural design, Colin Allen and Marc Bekoff.
- 巻冊次
-
: pbk ISBN 9780262510974
内容説明
This volume provides a guide to the discussion among biologists and philosophers about the role of concepts such as function and design in an evolutionary understanding of life.
Within the natural sciences, only biologists take seriously teleological statements about design, purpose, and adaptive function. Some biologists claim that to understand the complex morphological and behavioral traits of organisms we must say what they are for, which is to give a teleological explanation of why organisms have them. Others argue that the theory of natural selection, in providing statistical explanations for the same phenomena, obviates any need for teleological thinking. If teleology cannot be eliminated from biology, it raises fundamental questions about the nature of biological explanation and about the relationship of biology to the rest of science.To account for "Nature's purposes" is arguably the most important basic issue in the philosophy of biology. This volume provides a guide to the discussion among biologists and philosophers about the role of concepts such as function and design in an evolutionary understanding of life. All of the contributors examine biological teleology from a naturalistic perspective. Most of them maintain that teleological claims in biology both describe and explain something-but opinions vary as to exactly what is explained and how.
Contributors
Fred Adams, Colin Allen, Ron Amundson, Francisco J. Ayala, Mark Bedau, Marc Bekoff, John Bigelow, Walter J. Bock, Robert N. Brandon, Robert Cummins, Berent Enc, Carl Gans, Peter Godfrey-Smith, Stephen Jay Gould, Paul E. Griffiths, R. A. Hinde, Philip Kitcher, George V. Lauder, Ruth Garrett Millikan, S. D. Mitchell, Ernest Nagel, Karen Neander, Robert Pargetter, M. J. S. Rudwick, Gerd von Wahlert, Elisabeth S. Vrba, Larry Wright
目次
- Part 1 Looking backwards - teleology as etiology: teleological explanations in evolutionary biology, Francisco J. Ayala
- functions, Larry Wright
- biological teleology -questions and explanations, Robert N. Brandon. Part 2 Don't look back - nonhistorical approaches to biological teleology
- the inference of function from structure in fossils, M.J.S. Rudwick
- adaptation and the form-function complex, Walter J. Bock and Gerd von Wahlert
- functional analysis, Robert Cummins
- teleology revisited, Ernest Nagel
- functions, John Bigelow and Robert Pargetter
- where's the good in teleology?, Mark Bedau. Part 3 Critical developments: in defense of proper functions, Ruth Garrett Millikan
- functions as selected effects - the conceptual analyst's defense, Karen Neander
- function without purpose - the uses of casual role function in evloutionary biology, Ron Amundson and George V. Lauder
- functions and goal directedness, Berent Enc and fred Adams
- function, fitness and disposition, Sandra D. Mitchell. Part 4 Synthesis or pluralism?: the concept of function, R.A.
- functional analysis and proper functions, Paul E. Griffiths
- a modern history theory and proper functions, Peter Godfrey-Smith
- function and design, Philip Kitcher. Part 5 Design: historical biology and the problems of design, George V. Lauder
- exaptation - a missing term in the science of form, Stephen Jay Gould and Elizabeth S. Vrba
- adaptation and the form-function relation, Carl Gans
- biological function, adaptation, and natural design, Colin Allen and Marc Bekoff.
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