Learning and behavior
著者
書誌事項
Learning and behavior
Brooks/Cole Pub. Co., c1999
4th ed
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注記
Includes bibliographical references (p.[459]-489) and indexes
内容説明・目次
内容説明
This text shows students how the psychology of learning can offer insight into their own behaviour. The book has been extensively revised and updated with new examples, pedagogical features, definitions, and more. At the same time, Chance maintains the strengths that gave previous editions such wide appeal: a simple writing style; high-interest material; numerous applications and examples; humour; queries that help students monitor their comprehension; review questions that stimulate thought and discussion; an emphasis on key concepts; and a strong natural-science approach to behaviour.
目次
1. Introduction: learning to change. Background. Natural Selection Meets the Challenge. Learning: Evolved Modifiability. Nature or Nurture? Summary. Mini-Essay: The Face of Change. Suggested Reading. Review Questions. Practice Quiz. Query Answers. 2. The study of learning and behavior. Background. Learning Defined. Response Events. Stimulus Events. Measuring Learning. Research Designs. Animal Research and Human Learning. Summary. Suggested Reading. Review Questions. Practice Quiz. Query Answers. 3. Pavlovian procedures. Background. Basic Procedures. Higher-Order Conditioning. Measuring Pavlovian Conditioning. Variables Affecting Pavlovian Conditioning. Extinction of Conditional Responses. Theories of Conditioning. Summary. Review Questions. Suggested Reading. Practice Quiz. Query Answers. 4. Pavlovian applications. Background. Phobia. Prejudice. Advertising. Sexual Abnormalities. Taste Aversion. Immune Function. Summary. Suggested Reading. Review Questions. Practice Quiz. Query Answers. 5. Operant procedures: reinforcement. Background. Basic Procedures. Operant and Pavlovian Procedures Compared. Primary and Secondary Reinforcers. Shaping. Chaining. Variables Affecting Reinforcement. Extinction of Reinforced Behavior. Theories of Reinforcement. Theories of Avoidance. Summary. Mini-Essay: Tips for Shapers. Suggested Reading. Review Questions. Practice Quiz. Query Answers. 6. Operant procedures: punishment. Background. Basic Procedures. Punishment and Negative Reinforcement Compared. Variables Affecting Punishment. Theories of Punishment. Side Effects of Punishment. Alternatives to Punishment. Summary. Suggested Reading. Review Questions. Practice Quiz. Query Answers. 7. Operant applications. Background. Animal Care and Training. Self-Awareness. Self-Control. Verbal Behavior. Insightful Problem Solving. Creativity. Superstition. Delusions and Hallucinations. Self-Injurious Behavior. Summary. Suggested Reading. Review Questions. Practice Quiz. Query Answers. 8. Vicarious learning. Background. Basic Procedures. Studies of Vicarious Pavlovian Conditioning. Studies of Vicarious Operant Learning. Vicarious Learning Versus Imitation. Generalized Imitation. Variables Affecting Vicarious Learning. Theories of Vicarious Learning. Applications. Summary. Suggested Reading. Review Questions. Practice Quiz. Query Answers. 9. Generalization, discrimination, and stimulus control. Background. Generalization. Discrimination. Stimulus Control. Theories of Stimulus Control. Applications of Stimulus Control. Stimulus Control and Adaptation. Summary. Suggested Reading. Review Questions. Practice Quiz. Query Answers. 10. Schedules of reinforcement. Background. Simple Schedules. Intermittent Reinforcement and the PRE. Complex Schedules. Choice and the Matching Law. Applications of Schedules. The Importance of Schedules Research. Summary. Suggested Reading. Review Questions. Practice Quiz. Query Answers. 11. Forgetting. Background. Defining Forgetting.
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