Statistical analysis for the social sciences
著者
書誌事項
Statistical analysis for the social sciences
Allyn and Bacon, c1999
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注記
Includes bibliographical references (p. 366-367) and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
This book will prepare students to use and understand basic statistical applications and get them ready to move into more advanced statistical studies. Written at a level appropriate for undergraduates, the book gives careful attention to the flow of ideas and concepts so there is a stream of logic internal to each chapter as well as one that links chapters together. Statistical Analysis for the Social Sciences provides a simple to understand but sophisticated introduction to statistics.
The book begins with a discussion of methods for describing the distribution of a variable. The discussion of measures of central tendency and variance is followed by a presentation of continuous and discrete probability distributions. The introduction of probability avoids the traditional discussion of the basic laws of probability in that they are not directly applied in the everyday use of statistical probability. Instead, the discussion is focused on the relationship of probability to outcomes for values in distributions, and the value of probability in statistical decision making.
The discussion of probability is followed by a chapter on the logic underlying statistical inference. The concept of the standard error, and confidence limits link the discussion back to probability. Hypothesis testing is discussed, followed by tests of significance for one sample and two sample tests for various types of statistical measures. Student's t-Test not only illustrates significance testing, but presents an opportunity to introduce the idea of explained variance that is the emphasis of analysis of variance and regression. The discussion of regression and correlation concludes with a demonstration of how correlation analysis provides the basis for evaluating explained variance.
目次
Chapters conclude with "Summary," "Key Terms," "Symbols," "Formulas," and "Exercises and/or Problem Set."
Preface.
1.Social Statistics and Measurement: The Purpose of Social Statistics.
What Is Statistics?
Measurement.
2.Displaying Data.
Frequencies and Frequency Distributions.
Relative Frequencies.
Using Tables for Display.
Using Graphic Displays.
3.Numerical Summaries of Data.
Measures of Central Tendency.
Measures of Variation.
4.A Continuous Probability Distribution: The Normal Distribution.
The Role of Probability.
The Normal Probability Distribution.
Skewness and Kurtosis.
5.A Discrete Probability Distribution: The Binomial Distribution.
Characteristics of the Binomial Probability Distribution.
The Binomial Model and Its Application.
Transforming Binomial Data to Continuous Form with Z Scores.
6.The Basis of Statistical Inference.
Random Sampling.
Accuracy and Error in Sampling.
The Logic of Statistical Inference.
Point Estimates for Population Means.
Confidence Intervals and Population Means.
Confidence Limits and Sample Size.
Confidence Limits and Proportions.
7.Testing Hypotheses: One-Sample Tests.
What Is a Hypothesis?
Hypotheses Testing: The Standard-Error-of-the-Mean Test.
The Risk of Error.
Student's t Test: One Sample.
The Standard-Error-of-Proportions Test: One Sample.
Chi-Square: A One-Sample Test for Nominal Data.
8.Comparing Two Continuous Measures: Parametric Tests.
Group Comparisons.
Two Independent Samples for Interval Measures.
Two Independent Samples with Dichotomous Measures.
Comparing Two Dependent Samples with Interval Measures.
9.Comparing Two Discrete Measures: Nonparametric Tests.
Comparing Two Independent Samples: Ordinal Measures.
Comparing Two Dependent Samples: Ordinal Measures.
Comparing Two Independent Samples: Nominal Measures.
Comparing Two Dependent Samples: Nominal Measures.
10.Comparing More Than Two Populations: Analysis of Variance.
Parametric ANOVA Models.
Nonparametric ANOVA.
11.Linear Regression and Correlation.
Regression Analysis.
Correlation.
12.The Association of Discrete Data.
The Concept of Association.
The Association of Ordinal Measures.
The Association of Nominal Measures.
Appendix A: Basic Mathematical Procedures.
Appendix B: Statistical Tables.
Selected Answers to Exercises.
References.
Index.
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