Control and instrumentation for wastewater treatment plants
著者
書誌事項
Control and instrumentation for wastewater treatment plants
(Advances in industrial control)
Springer, c1999
大学図書館所蔵 全5件
  青森
  岩手
  宮城
  秋田
  山形
  福島
  茨城
  栃木
  群馬
  埼玉
  千葉
  東京
  神奈川
  新潟
  富山
  石川
  福井
  山梨
  長野
  岐阜
  静岡
  愛知
  三重
  滋賀
  京都
  大阪
  兵庫
  奈良
  和歌山
  鳥取
  島根
  岡山
  広島
  山口
  徳島
  香川
  愛媛
  高知
  福岡
  佐賀
  長崎
  熊本
  大分
  宮崎
  鹿児島
  沖縄
  韓国
  中国
  タイ
  イギリス
  ドイツ
  スイス
  フランス
  ベルギー
  オランダ
  スウェーデン
  ノルウェー
  アメリカ
注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
The series Advances in Industrial Control aims to report and encourage technology transfer in control engineering. The rapid development of control technology impacts all areas of the control discipline. New theory, new controllers, actuators, sensors, new industrial processes, computer methods, new applications, new philosophies..., new challenges. Much of this development work resides in industrial reports, feasibility study papers and the reports of advanced collaborative projects. The series offers an opportunity for researchers to present an extended exposition of such new work in all aspects of industrial control for wider and rapid dissemination. The environmental aspects of all of our society's activities are extremely important if the countryside; the sea and wildernesses are to be fully enjoyed by future generations. Urban waste in all its manifestations presents a particularly difficult disposal problem, which must be tackled conscientiously to prevent long lasting damage to the environment. Technological solutions should be seen as part of the available options. In this monograph, the authors M. R. Katebi, M. A. Johnson and J. Wilkie seek to introduce a comprehensive technological framework to the particular measurement and control problems of wastewater processing plants. Of course the disposal of urban sewage is a long-standing process but past solutions have used options (disposal at sea) which are no longer acceptable. Thus to meet new effluent regulations it is necessary to develop a new technological paradigm based on process control methods, and this is what the authors attempt to provide.
目次
1 Process Modelling and Simulation Methods.- 1.1 Process Review.- 1.1.1 Preliminary and Primary Treatment Processes.- 1.1.2 Secondary Treatment Processes.- 1.1.3 Tertiary Processes.- 1.2 Modelling Preliminary and Primary Processes.- 1.3 Modelling the Activated Sludge Process.- 1.3.1 Introduction.- 1.3.2 The Aeration Tank Process.- 1.3.3 Clarifier Tank Model.- 1.3.4 Interim Conclusions.- 1.4 Uses of the Model.- 1.4.1 Sub-Unit Studies.- 1.4.2 Process Train Studies.- 1.4.3 On-line Process Control.- 1.5 Modelling Principles.- 1.5.1 Process Control and the Modelling Activity.- 1.5.2 Modelling from Physical Principles.- 1.5.3 Black Box Modelling Methods.- 1.5.4 Hierarchical System Modelling and Simulation.- 1.6 Conclusions.- 1.7 Further Reading.- 2 Process Control Structures.- 2.1 The Actuator - Plant and - Measurement Sequence.- 2.1.1 A Tank Level Process.- 2.1.2 The Measurement Device.- 2.1.3 Summary: Component Transfer Functions.- 2.2 A Unified Actuator - Plant - Measurement Processes.- 2.3 Process Disturbances.- 2.3.1 Supply and Load Disturbances.- 2.3.2 Noise Disturbances.- 2.3.3 Summary Conclusions.- 2.4 Open Loop Control.- 2.4.1 The Basic Principle.- 2.4.2 The Problems with Open Loop Control.- 2.5 The Feedback Control Loop.- 2.5.1 A Simple Feedback Loop.- 2.5.2 Some Definitions.- 2.5.3 The Feedback Loop Analysis.- 2.5.4 Feedback Control Objectives: A Full List.- 2.6 On-Off Control.- 2.6.1 Basic Principles.- 2.6.2 Performance Assessment in a Wastewater Application.- 2.7 Three Term Controllers.- 2.7.1 PID Controller Technology.- 2.7.2 Basic PID Control Properties.- 2.7.3 Industrial PID Controller Features.- 2.7.4 PID Controller Tuning.- 2.7.5 Process Reaction Curve Method.- 2.7.6 Sustained Oscillation PID Tuning Method.- 2.7.7 Autotune PID Control.- 2.7.8 PID Control Performance.- 2.8 Cascade Control Loops.- 2.8.1 Cascade Control Example.- 2.8.2 General Cascade Control Principles.- 2.8.3 Cascade Control Loop Tuning.- 2.9 Ratio Control.- 2.10 Feedforward Control.- 2.10.1 The Feedforward/Feedback Control Structure.- 2.10.2 Example in the Waste Water Industry.- 2.11 Inferential Control.- 2.11.1 Inferential Control in the Wastewater Industry.- 2.12 Advanced Control Features: Methods of Controller Adaptation.- 2.12.1 Gain Scheduling.- 2.12.2 On-line Self-Tuning Control.- 2.13 Conclusions.- 2.14 Further Reading.- 3 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Systems and Virtual Instrumentation.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Economic Benefits.- 3.3 A Classification For Supervisory Control Problems.- 3.4 Technological Background.- 3.4.1 Centralised Architecture.- 3.4.2 The Distributed Architecture.- 3.4.3 Supervisory Control System For Wastewater Treatment Plants.- 3.5 Distributed Control System Technology.- 3.5.1 Generic Functional Modules.- 3.5.2 Real-time Data Highway.- 3.5.3 Host Computer Interfaces and PLC Gateways.- 3.5.4 Power Distribution System.- 3.6 Functionality of the DCS.- 3.6.1 Data Acquisition and Processing.- 3.6.2 Low Level Process Control.- 3.6.3 Sequencing.- 3.6.4 Alarm Management.- 3.6.5 Operator Real-time Displays.- 3.6.6 Data Logging.- 3.6.7 Plant Performance Assessment.- 3.7 On Designing Supervisory Control.- 3.8 Virtual Instrumentation (VI) and a Design Exercise.- 3.8.1 Introduction.- 3.8.2 Virtual Versus Real Instrumentation.- 3.8.3 VI and Intelligent Instruments.- 3.9 Conclusions.- 3.10 Further Reading.- 4 Quality Control For Dynamic Processes.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.1.1 Understanding the Process.- 4.1.2 Flowcharting.- 4.2 Data Collection and Presentation.- 4.2.1 Data Presentation: Histograms, Charts and Graphs.- 4.3 Elementary Statistical Measures.- 4.4 Process Variations.- 4.5 Process Control.- 4.5.1 Mean Chart.- 4.5.2 Range Chart.- 4.6 Assessment of Process Stability.- 4.7 Process Capability Indices.- 4.8 Example.- 4.9 Conclusions.- 4.10 Further Reading.- 5 Sensors and Actuators.- 5.1 Physical Measurement: Level.- 5.1.1 Ultrasonic Level Sensor.- 5.1.2 Capacitance Level Sensor.- 5.2 Physical Measurement: Flow.- 5.2.1 Weirs and Flumes.- 5.3 Flumes.- 5.3.1 Magnetic Flowmeters.- 5.3.2 Ultrasonic Flow Measurement.- 5.4 Analytical Measurement: Ion Selective Electrodes.- 5.4.1 Ion Selective Electrodes.- 5.4.2 Example of an Ion Selective Electrode: pH Measurement.- 5.5 Analytical Measurement: Dissolved Oxygen (DO).- 5.5.1 Amperometric DO Sensor.- 5.5.2 Equilibrium DO Sensor.- 5.6 Analytical Measurement: Turbidity and Suspended Solids.- 5.6.1 Light Absorption Techniques.- 5.6.2 Scattered Light Technique.- 5.7 'Self-Cleaning' Sensors.- 5.8 Actuators: Pumps.- 5.8.1 Centrifugal Pumps.- 5.8.2 Positive Displacement Pumps.- 5.9 Conclusions.- 5.10 Further Reading.- 6 Data Communications.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Dumb Terminals and Smart Sensors.- 6.3 Digital Communication.- 6.3.1 Communication Medium.- 6.3.2 Data Transfer.- 6.3.3 Serial Interface Standards: RS-232, RS-422 and RS-485.- 6.3.4 Protocols.- 6.4 The ISO 7-Layer Model.- 6.5 Distributed Communication Systems.- 6.5.1 Network Topologies.- 6.5.2 Local Area Networks (LANs).- 6.6 HART Communication System.- 6.7 Fieldbus.- 6.7.1 Different Standards.- 6.7.2 The Current Status.- 6.8 Examples of WWTP Communications.- 6.9 Conclusions.- 6.10 Further Reading.- 7 Knowledge-Based Systems.- 7.1 Expert Systems in Process Control.- 7.1.1 Expert System Components.- 7.1.2 Expert Systems For Condition Monitoring and Fault Detection.- 7.1.3 Expert Systems in the Wastewater Industry.- 7.2 Modelling of Complex Process Using Neural Nets.- 7.2.1 The Neuron and the Neural Network.- 7.2.2 Training the Neural Net (NN).- 7.3.3 Neural Network Application Development.- 7.3.4 Possibilities for Neural Networks in the Wastewater Industry.- 7.3 Fuzzy Logic Control.- 7.3.1 The Fuzzy Logic Controller (FIC).- 7.3.2 An Example of Fuzzy Logic Control.- 2.3.3 Applications in Wastewater Treatment Plants.- 7.4 Conclusions.- 7.5 References.- 8 Wastewater Treatment Plants: An Exercise.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Control Systems.- 8.2.1 Flow Balancing and Control.- 8.2.2 DO Control.- 8.2.3 Return Activated Sludge (RAS).- 8.3 Alarms.- 8.4 Data Display.- 8.5 Fault Monitoring.- 8.6 DO Control Using LabVIEW.- 8.6.1 Model Description.- 8.7 Further Reading.- Appendix A: Modelling and Control Demonstrations.- Appendix B: Author Profiles.
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