CiNii 図書 - Science and technology in the academic enterprise : status, trends, and issues : a discussion paper

The U.S. academic research enterprise is entering a new era characterized by remarkable opportunities and increased strain. This two-part volume integrates the experiential knowledge of group members with quantitative data analyses in order to examine the status of scientific and technological research in academic settings. Part One reviews the status of the current research enterprise, emerging trends affecting it, and issues central to its future. Part Two is an overview of the enterprise and describes long-term trends in financial and human resources. This new book will be useful in stimulating policy discussions?especially among individuals and organizations that fund or perform academic research. Table of Contents Front Matter PART ONE: STATUS, TRENDS, AND ISSUES Introduction Status of the Enterprise 1958 TO 1968: EXPANSION 1968 TO 1978: STEADY-STATE 1978 TO 1988: DIVERSIFICATION FORCES FOR EXPANSION AND DIVERSIFICATION THE RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH PERSONNEL FINANCIAL RESOURCES. ROLE OF UNIVERSITIES ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF UNIVERSITIES CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND TRANSFER OF KNOWLEDGE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATION FUNDING ACADEMIC RESEARCH Conclusion Notes PART TWO: OVERVIEW OF THE ACADEMIC RESEARCH ENTERPRISE Introduction Summary of Major Trends NATIONAL R&D: CHARACTER ACADEMIC R&D SHARE OF TOTAL U.S. R&D ACADEMIC R&D: SHARE OF U.S. GNP DOCTORAL INSTITUTION GROWTH PATTERNS: R&D EXPENDITURES DOCTORAL INSTITUTION GROWTH PATTERNS: REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES. DOCTORAL INSTITUTION GROWTH PATTERNS: PERSONNEL DOCTORAL INSTITUTION GROWTH PATTERNS: ENROLLMENTS DOCTORAL INSTITUTION GROWTH PATTERNS: S&E DEGREES DOCTORAL INSTITUTION GROWTH PATTERNS: PER-PERSON EXPENDITURES National R&D Expenditures NATIONAL R&D: PERFORMERS NATIONAL R&D: SOURCES OF FUNDING NATIONAL RESEARCH: PERFORMERS NATIONAL RESEARCH: SOURCES OF FUNDING NATIONAL BASIC RESEARCH: PERFORMERS NATIONAL BASIC RESEARCH: SOURCES OF FUNDING Academic R&D Expenditures ACADEMIC R&D: CHARACTER OF RESEARCH ACADEMIC R&D: SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING FIELDS ACADEMIC R&D: SOURCE OF FUNDING ACADEMIC R&D: TYPE OF INSTITUTIONS SOURCES OF R&D FUNDING: PRIVATE DOCTORAL INSTITUTIONS SOURCES OF R&D FUNDING: PUBLIC DOCTORAL INSTITUTIONS ACADEMIC S&E FACILITIES: RESEARCH AND INSTRUCTION ACADEMIC S&E FACILITIES: SOURCE OF FUNDING ACADEMIC RESEARCH EQUIPMENT: SOURCE OF FUNDS ACADEMIC R&D EXPENDITURES PER INVESTIGATOR: EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES TOTAL ACADEMIC R&D: ESTIMATED COST COMPONENTS TOTAL ACADEMIC R&D: ESTIMATED EXPENDITURES PER INVESTIGATOR PERSONNEL EXPENDITURES: NATURAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING Total Academic Expenditures And Revenues TOTAL ACADEMIC OPERATING EXPENDITURES: PURPOSE TOTAL ACADEMIC OPERATING REVENUES: SOURCES DOCTORAL INSTITUTION OPERATING EXPENDITURES: PURPOSE DOCTORAL INSTITUTION EXPENDITURES: PER FACULTY AND STUDENT DOCTORAL INSTITUTION OPERATING REVENUES: SOURCES DOCTORAL INSTITUTION OPERATING REVENUES: BY GOVERNANCE OPERATING REVENUES: PRIVATE DOCTORAL INSTITUTIONS OPERATING REVENUES: PUBLIC DOCTORAL INSTITUTIONS Academic Personnel TOTAL ACADEMIC FACULTY ACADEMIC SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS DOCTORAL INSTITUTION FACULTY DOCTORAL INSTITUTION FACULTY: PER STUDENT AND DEGREE DOCTORAL INSTITUTION SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS DOCTORAL INSTITUTION RESEARCH PERSONNEL DOCTORAL INSTITUTION S&E PERSONNEL RATIOS Higher Education Enrollments HIGHER EDUCATION ENROLLMENTS: BY INSTITUTION TYPE DOCTORAL INSTITUTION ENROLLMENTS: UNDERGRADUATE AND GRADUATE DOCTORAL INSTITUTION AVERAGE ENROLLMENTS HIGHER EDUCATION ENROLLMENTS: PERCENT FEMALE Science and Engineering Degrees TOTAL S&E DEGREES: TYPE OF DEGREE TOTAL BACHELORS DEGREES: S&E AND OTHER FIELDS S&E BACHELORS DEGREES: ACADEMIC FIELD S&E BACHELORS DEGREES: GENDER TOTAL PH.D. DEGREES: S&E AND OTHER FIELDS S&E PH.D. DEGREES: ACADEMIC FIELD S&E PH.D. DEGREES: INSTITUTION GOVERNANCE S&E PH.D. DEGREES: GENDER PH.D. DEGREES BY ETHNICITY: NATURAL SCIENCES PH.D. DEGREES BY ETHNICITY: ENGINEERING PH.D. DEGREES BY CITIZENSHIP: NATURAL SCIENCES PH.D. DEGREES BY CITIZENSHIP: ENGINEERING Primary Data Sources

1 Front Matter
2 Part 1: Status, Trends, and Issues Introduction
3 Status of Academic Research Enterprise
4 Emerging Trends
5 Issues for the 1990s & Beyond
6 Conclusion
7 Notes
8 Part 2: Overview of the Academic Research Enterprise Introduction
9 Summary of Trends
10 National R&D Expenditures
11 Academic R&D Expenditures
12 Total Academic Expenditures and Revenues
13 Academic Personnel
14 Higher Education Enrollments
15 Science and Engineering Degrees
16 Primary Data Sources

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Science and technology in the academic enterprise : status, trends, and issues : a discussion paper

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