Computing meaning
著者
書誌事項
Computing meaning
（Studies in linguistics and philosophy, v. 73,
Kluwer Academic : Springer, c1999-c2008
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注記
Vol. 3 edited by Harry Bunt and Reinhard Muskens
Publisher varies: Springer, v. 3 (c2007)-
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
- 巻冊次
-
v. 2 : hb ISBN 9781402001758
内容説明
This book is a collection of papers written by outstanding researchers in the newly emerging field of computational semantics. Computational semantics is concerned with the computation of the meanings of linguistic objects such as text fragments, spoken dialogue utterances, and e-mail messages. The meaning of such an object is determined partly by linguistic information and partly by information from the context in which the object occurs. The information from these sources is combined by processes that infer which interpretation of the object applies in the given context. This applies not only to notoriously difficult aspects of interpreting linguistic objects, such as indexicals, anaphora, and metonymy, but also to establishing the precise reference of common nouns and the scopes of noun phrases. The central issue in computational semantics is how processes of finding and combining the relevant linguistic and contextual information into contextually appropriate meanings can be organised.
Traditional approaches of applying context information to disambiguated natural language expressions do not work well, due to the massive ambiguity in natural language. Recent work in computational semantics suggests, alternatively, to represent linguistic semantic information in formal structures with underspecification, and to apply context information in inference processes that result in further specification of these representations. Underspecified representation and inference are therefore the key topics in this book.
The book is aimed at those linguists, computer scientists, and logicians who take an interest in the computation of meaning, and who want to know what is happening in this exciting field of research.
目次
- From Lexical Items to Discourse Meanings: Computational and Representational Tools
- H. Bunt. Inference and Computational Semantics
- P. Blackburn, et al. Building a Semantic Lexicon: Structuring and Generating Concepts
- F. Busa, et al. In Search of the Semantic Values of an Occurrence: an Example and a Framework
- F. Gayral, et al. Agent-dependent Metonymy in a Context-change Model of Communication
- H. Bunt, L. Kievit. Weak Lexical Semantics and Multiple Views
- A. Ramsay. Lexical Conceptual Structure for Sense Variations
- P. Saint-Dizier. The Availability of Partial Scopings in an Underspecified Semantic Representation
- A. Willis, S. Manandhar. Compositional Semantics with Lexicalized Tree-Adjoining Grammar (LTAG): How Much Underspecification is Necessary? A.K. Joshi, K. Vijay-Shanker. Glue, Underspecification and Translation
- D. Crouch, et al. A Functional Interpretation Scheme for D-Tree Grammars
- M. Hepple. Tree Descriptions, Constraints and Incrementality
- D. Duchier, C. Gardent. Multiple Discourse Connectives in a Lexicalized Grammar for Discourse
- B. Webber, et al. Fragmenting Meaning: Clarification Ellipsis and Nominal Anaphora
- J. Ginzburg. Event Coreference between Two Sentences
- L. Danlos. Authors' Addresses. Author Index. Index.
- 巻冊次
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v. 1 ISBN 9781402002908
内容説明
This book is a collection of papers written by outstanding researchers in the newly emerging field of computational semantics. It is aimed at those linguists, computer scientists, and logicians who want to know more about the algorithmic realization of meaning in natural language and about what is happening in this field of research. It includes a general introduction by the editors.
目次
- Computational Semantics
- H. Bunt, R. Muskens. On Semantic Underspecification
- M. Pinkal. Dynamic and Underspecified Interpretation without Dynamic or Underspecified Logic
- A. Ramsay. Labeled Representations, Underspecification and Disambiguation
- N. Asher, T. Fernando. Underspecified Semantics in HPSG
- F. Richter, M. Sailer. Minimum Description Length and Compositionality
- W. Zadrozny. How to Glue a Donkey to an f-Structure: Porting a `Dynamic' Meaning Representation Language into LFG's Linear Logic Glue-Language Semantics
- J. van Genabith, R. Crouch. Vague Utterances and Context Change
- A. Kyburg, M. Morreau. Using Situations to Reason about the Interpretation of Speech Events
- R. Cooper. Simulative Inference in a Computational Model of Belief
- A.N. Kaplan, L.K. Schubert. Indefinites as Epsilon Terms: A Labelled Deduction Account
- W.M. Viol, et al. Dynamic Skolemization
- L. Schubert. Semantically-based Ellipsis Resolution with Syntactic Presuppositions
- J. Ginzburg. Presupposition Projection as Proof Construction
- E. Krahmer, P. Piwek. Dynamic Discourse Referents for Tense and Modals
- M. Stone, D. Hardt. Linking Theory and Lexical Ambiguity: The Case of Italian Motion Verbs
- L. Dini, V. di Tomaso. A Disambiguation Approach for German Compounds with Deverbal Head
- S. Reinhard.
- 巻冊次
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v. 2 : pb ISBN 9781402004513
内容説明
This book is a collection of papers written by outstanding researchers in the newly emerging field of computational semantics. Computational semantics is concerned with the computation of the meanings of linguistic objects such as text fragments, spoken dialogue utterances, and e-mail messages. The meaning of such an object is determined partly by linguistic information and partly by information from the context in which the object occurs. The information from these sources is combined by processes that infer which interpretation of the object applies in the given context. This applies not only to notoriously difficult aspects of interpreting linguistic objects, such as indexicals, anaphora, and metonymy, but also to establishing the precise reference of common nouns and the scopes of noun phrases. The central issue in computational semantics is how processes of finding and combining the relevant linguistic and contextual information into contextually appropriate meanings can be organised.
Traditional approaches of applying context information to disambiguated natural language expressions do not work well, due to the massive ambiguity in natural language. Recent work in computational semantics suggests, alternatively, to represent linguistic semantic information in formal structures with underspecification, and to apply context information in inference processes that result in further specification of these representations. Underspecified representation and inference are therefore the key topics in this book.
The book is aimed at those linguists, computer scientists, and logicians who take an interest in the computation of meaning, and who want to know what is happening in this exciting field of research.
目次
- From Lexical Items to Discourse Meanings: Computational and Representational Tools
- H. Bunt. Inference and Computational Semantics
- P. Blackburn, et al. Building a Semantic Lexicon: Structuring and Generating Concepts
- F. Busa, et al. In Search of the Semantic Values of an Occurrence: an Example and a Framework
- F. Gayral, et al. Agent-dependent Metonymy in a Context-change Model of Communication
- H. Bunt, L. Kievit. Weak Lexical Semantics and Multiple Views
- A. Ramsay. Lexical Conceptual Structure for Sense Variations
- P. Saint-Dizier. The Availability of Partial Scopings in an Underspecified Semantic Representation
- A. Willis, S. Manandhar. Compositional Semantics with Lexicalized Tree-Adjoining Grammar (LTAG): How Much Underspecification is Necessary? A.K. Joshi, K. Vijay-Shanker. Glue, Underspecification and Translation
- D. Crouch, et al. A Functional Interpretation Scheme for D-Tree Grammars
- M. Hepple. Tree Descriptions, Constraints and Incrementality
- D. Duchier, C. Gardent. Multiple Discourse Connectives in a Lexicalized Grammar for Discourse
- B. Webber, et al. Fragmenting Meaning: Clarification Ellipsis and Nominal Anaphora
- J. Ginzburg. Event Coreference between Two Sentences
- L. Danlos. Authors' Addresses. Author Index. Index.
- 巻冊次
-
v. 3 : hb ISBN 9781402059568
内容説明
This book provides an in-depth view of the current issues, problems and approaches in the computation of meaning as expressed in language. Aimed at linguists, computer scientists, and logicians with an interest in the computation of meaning, this book focuses on two main topics in recent research in computational semantics. The first topic is the definition and use of underspecified semantic representations, i.e. formal structures that represent part of the meaning of a linguistic object while leaving other parts unspecified. The second topic discussed is semantic annotation. Annotated corpora have become an indispensable resource both for linguists and for developers of language and speech technology, especially when used in combination with machine learning methods. The annotation in corpora has only marginally addressed semantic information, however, since semantic annotation methodologies are still in their infancy. This book discusses the development and application of such methodologies.
目次
Computing the Semantic Information in an Utterance.- Justified Sloppiness in Anaphoric Reference.- Deriving Quasi-Logical Forms from F-Structures for the Penn Treebank.- Semantic Underspecification: Which Technique for What Purpose?.- Segmented Discourse Representation Theory: Dynamic Semantics with Discourse Structure.- Fragment Resolution in Dialogue.- Interpreting Concession Statements in Light of Information Structure.- Context and the Composition of Meaning.- Meaning, Intonation and Negation.- Customizing Meaning: Building Domain-specific Semantic Representations from a Generic Lexicon.- Flexible Composition in LTAG: Quantifier Scope and Inverse Linking.- Serious Computing with Tense.- Temporal and Event Information in Natural Language Text.- Finite-state Descriptions for Temporal Semantics.- Generating Bridging Definite Descriptions.- Graphs and Booleans: On the Generation of Referring Expressions.- Efficient Computation of Overlay for Multiple Inheritance Hierarchies in Discourse Modeling.- Linear Logic Based Transfer and Structural Misalignment.- Index.
- 巻冊次
-
v. 3 : pb ISBN 9781402059575
内容説明
This book provides an in-depth view of the current issues, problems and approaches in the computation of meaning as expressed in language. Aimed at linguists, computer scientists, and logicians with an interest in the computation of meaning, this book focuses on two main topics in recent research in computational semantics. The first topic is the definition and use of underspecified semantic representations, i.e. formal structures that represent part of the meaning of a linguistic object while leaving other parts unspecified. The second topic discussed is semantic annotation. Annotated corpora have become an indispensable resource both for linguists and for developers of language and speech technology, especially when used in combination with machine learning methods. The annotation in corpora has only marginally addressed semantic information, however, since semantic annotation methodologies are still in their infancy. This book discusses the development and application of such methodologies.
目次
Computing the Semantic Information in an Utterance.- Justified Sloppiness in Anaphoric Reference.- Deriving Quasi-Logical Forms from F-Structures for the Penn Treebank.- Semantic Underspecification: Which Technique for What Purpose?.- Segmented Discourse Representation Theory: Dynamic Semantics with Discourse Structure.- Fragment Resolution in Dialogue.- Interpreting Concession Statements in Light of Information Structure.- Context and the Composition of Meaning.- Meaning, Intonation and Negation.- Customizing Meaning: Building Domain-specific Semantic Representations from a Generic Lexicon.- Flexible Composition in LTAG: Quantifier Scope and Inverse Linking.- Serious Computing with Tense.- Temporal and Event Information in Natural Language Text.- Finite-state Descriptions for Temporal Semantics.- Generating Bridging Definite Descriptions.- Graphs and Booleans: On the Generation of Referring Expressions.- Efficient Computation of Overlay for Multiple Inheritance Hierarchies in Discourse Modeling.- Linear Logic Based Transfer and Structural Misalignment.- Index.
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