Composition, deep structure and evolution continents
著者
書誌事項
Composition, deep structure and evolution continents
(Developments in geotectonics, 24)
Elsevier, 1999
大学図書館所蔵 全11件
  青森
  岩手
  宮城
  秋田
  山形
  福島
  茨城
  栃木
  群馬
  埼玉
  千葉
  東京
  神奈川
  新潟
  富山
  石川
  福井
  山梨
  長野
  岐阜
  静岡
  愛知
  三重
  滋賀
  京都
  大阪
  兵庫
  奈良
  和歌山
  鳥取
  島根
  岡山
  広島
  山口
  徳島
  香川
  愛媛
  高知
  福岡
  佐賀
  長崎
  熊本
  大分
  宮崎
  鹿児島
  沖縄
  韓国
  中国
  タイ
  イギリス
  ドイツ
  スイス
  フランス
  ベルギー
  オランダ
  スウェーデン
  ノルウェー
  アメリカ
注記
"Reprinted from LITHOS volume 48 1-4"
Includes bibliographies and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
The ensemble of manuscripts presented in this special volume captures the stimulating cross-disciplinary dialogue from the International Symposium on Deep Structure, Composition, and Evolution of Continents, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 15-17 October 1997. It will provide an update on recent research developments and serve as a starting point for research of the many outstanding issues.
After its formation at mid-oceanic spreading centers, oceanic lithosphere cools, thickens, and subsides, until it subducts into the deep mantle beneath convergent margins. As a result of this continuous recycling process oceanic lithosphere is typically less than 200 million years old (the global average is about 80 Myr).
A comprehensive, multi-disciplinary study of continents involves a wide range of length scales: tiny rock samples and diamond inclusions may yield isotope and trace element signatures diagnostic for the formation age and evolution of (parts of) cratons, while geophysical techniques (e.g., seismic and electromagnetic imaging) constrain variations of elastic and conductive properties over length scales ranging from several to many thousand kilometers. Integrating and reconciling this information is far from trivial and, as several papers in this volume document, the relationships between, for instance, formation age and tectonic behavior on the one hand and the seismic signature, heat flow, and petrology on the other may not be uniform but may vary both within as well as between cratons. These observations complicate attempts to determine the variations of one particular observable (e.g., heat flow, lithosphere thickness) as a function of another (e.g., crustal age) on the basis of global data compilations and tectonic regionalizations.
Important conclusions of the work presented here are that (1) continental deformation, for instance shortening, is not restricted to the crust but also involves the lithospheric mantle; (2) the high wavespeed part of continental lithospheric mantle is probably thinner than inferred previously from vertically travelling body waves or form global surface-wave models; and (3) the seismic signature of ancient continents is more complex than expected from a uniform relationship with crustal age.
目次
Preface. Seismic imaging of lithospheric discontinuities and continental evolution (M.G. Bostock). The deep structure of the Australian continent from surface wave tomography (F.J. Simons et al.). Velocity structure of the continental upper mantle: evidence from southern Africa (K. Priestley). Imaging the continental upper mantle using electromagnetic methods (A.G. Jones). Heat flow and the structure of Precambrian lithosphere (A.A. Nyblade). The thermal structure and thickness of continental roots (C. Jaupart, J.C. Mareschal). Stability and dynamics of the continental tectosphere (S.S. Shapiro et al.). The continental tectosphere and Earth's long-wavelength gravity field (S.S. Shapiro et al.). The evolution of continental roots in numerical thermo-chemical mantle convection models including differentiation by partial melting (J.H. de Smet et al.). The age of continental roots (D.G. Pearson). Nature of the mantle roots beneath the North American craton: mantle xenolith evidence from Somerset Island kimberlites (S.S. Schmidberger, D. Francis). Evidence from mantle xenoliths for relatively thin (< 100 km) continental lithosphere below the Phanerozoic crust of southernmost South America (C.R. Stern et al.).
Erosion of lithospheric mantle beneath the East African Rift system: geochemical evidence from the Kivu volcanic province (T. Furman, D. Graham). Trace element compositions of minerals in garnet and spinel peridotite xenoliths from the Vitim volcanic field, Transbaikalia, eastern Siberia (S.M. Glaser et al.). Growth of subcontinental lithosphere: evidence from repeated dike injections in the Balmuccia Iherzolite massif, Italian Alps (S.B. Mukasa, J.W. Shervais). Evidence for Archean ocean crust with low high field strength element signature from diamondiferous eclogite xenoliths (D.E. Jacob, S.F. Foley). Author index. Subject index.
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