International cocoa trade
著者
書誌事項
International cocoa trade
Woodhead , CRC Press, 1999
2nd ed
- : Woodhead
- : CRC
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注記
Includes bibliographical references (p. 262-264) and index
内容説明・目次
- 巻冊次
-
: CRC ISBN 9780849322662
内容説明
Over the past few years the cocoa market has had to modify how it operates. Continued low prices, fewer companies trading, and both the perceived and real element of del credere risks have brought about the change. Those that remain have had to return to the fundamentals of their business - knowing the needs of their clients and above all, knowing the commodity.
This affects everyone directly and indirectly involved in cocoa. In the past, exporters could rely on dealers sorting out some of their problems, and the factories off-loaded much of the risk of delivery onto the dealer. Current trading conditions make this more difficult.
People outside this chain now have larger roles in cocoa than in the past, in particular, the banks, but also the shipping companies and the warehouses. All those in the chain of trade, from the exporter, dealer, and broker through the factory must improve not only their understanding of the market but of the difficulties faced by others in the commodity.
The new edition has been thoroughly revised and updated. It reflects changes such as the effects of trade liberalization in cocoa, the use of vegetable fats in chocolate manufacture, and the increase in bulk cocoa. It provides the details of the new LIFFE contract, and the upcoming CAL and AFCC contracts.
The International Cocoa Trade helps all those involved in the industry. It supplies information about the cocoa trade and creates a better understanding about the industry as a whole. Starting with the history of European and North American development of cocoa, the book covers agronomics and marketing, actuals and futures markets, contracts, supply and demand, quality, and processing.
目次
- History and Origins The Beginning Early Production Early Consumption Forastero Cocoa and Cocoa Production Since 1840 Prices Agronomics Classification The Cocoa Tree Climactic Requirements Soil Methods of Production The Plantation Pruning Nutrients Diseases and Pests Harvesting and Post Harvest Practice Production Evolution of Production Recent Trends Factor Affecting Production Smallholders and Estates Setting Up The Historical Perspective The Actuals Market Introduction Export Marketing The Other Participants The Recent Past Physical Contracts Similarities of the Contracts Contract Terms Contract Performance Terminal Market Introduction Organization of Futures Markets Players Trading Techniques Exchange for Physicals Against Actuals Options Regulatory Bodies Conclusion Consumption and Stocks The Uses of Cocoa Measuring Consumption Factors Altering Consumption Stocks The International Cocoa Organization and the Buffer Stock Conclusions Quality Assessment of Cocoa Beans Faults Occurring in Cocoa Overall Condition of the Parcel Sampling The Cut-Test
- Procedure, Fault Definition and Standards Limitations of the Cut-Test and Ideas on its Replacement Factors Important to the Butter Presser Factors Important to the Chocolate Manufacturer Fine and Flavor Cocoa Achieving Quality Cocoa Cocoa Bean Processing and the Manufacturer of Chocolate Initial Processing Cocoa Liquor or Mass Methods of Cocoa Butter and Powder Production Cocoa Butter Cocoa Powders Chocolate Production Appendices AFCC Cocoa Contracts CAL Cocoa Contracts CMAA Cocoa Contracts Cocoa Trade Rules of CSCE Comparison of Various Cocoa Bean Quality Standards ICCO Statistics of the World Summary, Production and Grindings
- 巻冊次
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: Woodhead ISBN 9781855734340
内容説明
The international cocoa trade has been written to help all those involved in the industry by accessing information about the cocoa trade and to create a better understanding of the market as a whole. This new edition has been thoroughly updated and revised and now includes coverage of: Bulk cocoa; LIFFE rule changes; New EU legislation.
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