Rattlesnakes : their habits, life histories, and influence on mankind
著者
書誌事項
Rattlesnakes : their habits, life histories, and influence on mankind
University of California Press published for the Zoological Society for San Diego, c1982
Abridged edition
- cloth
- pbk.
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注記
Bibliography: p. 337-339
Includes index
内容説明・目次
- 巻冊次
-
cloth ISBN 9780520040380
内容説明
This virtual encyclopedia of the rattlesnake became a natural history sensation when it was first published in 1956. The republication of the Second Edition, with a new foreword by Harry W. Greene, will give amateur and professional herpetologists alike reason to rejoice.
- 巻冊次
-
pbk. ISBN 9780520040397
内容説明
This virtual encyclopedia of the rattlesnake became a natural history sensation when it was first published in 1956. The republication of the Second Edition, with a new foreword by Harry W. Greene, will give amateur and professional herpetologists alike reason to rejoice.
目次
- Publisher's Foreword Abridger's Note Introduction Purpose Sources of Information 1. Status Classification and Nomenclature A List of Rattlesnake Species and Subspecies Venomous Snakes in the United States Other than Rattlesnakes Confusion Regarding Rattlesnakes Distinguishing Venomous from Harmless Snakes The Use of Common Names 2. Morphology Length Body Proportions Bulk Head and Tail Dimensions Squamation Color and Pattern Freaks and Aberrants Two-Headed Snakes Defective Young Albinism Melanism Hybrids 3. The Rattle Function and Utilization The Function of the Rattle Conditions of Use Rattle Nomenclature The Character of the Sound Method of Vibration and the Production of Sound Speed of Vibration Formation and Length Chronology of Rattle Formation Rattle-String Length 4. Bodily Functions Life Persistence and Frailty Longevity Skin Shedding The Shedding Operation Effect of Shedding on Sight Water Requirements during Shedding The Season of Shedding Shedding Frequency Locomotion Horizontal Undulatory Progression Rectilinear Progression Sidewinding Concertina Progression Rattlesnake Speed Misunderstood Features of Crawling Snake-Tracks Senses Sight and the Eye Hearing The Tongue and Sense of Smell The Facial Pits Touch Distant Detection Aggregation and Sex Recognition Intelligence 5.Behavior Physiological Temperature Limitations Maximum Temperature Limits Minimum Temperature Limits Optimum Temperature Range Temporal Variations in Habits Seasonal Variations in Activity Effects of Reproductive Cycle on Seasonal Activity Denning Dates and the Risk of Immobility Rattlesnakes as Weather Indicators Summer Migrations and Estivation Effects of Humidity Diurnal Variations in Activity The Basking Range Other Temperature-Control Expedients Defensive and Warning Behavior Disposition and Temperament Protective Coloration and Concealment Flight Defensive Attacks Warning Mechanisms Mythical Defensive Actions Distinguishing the Resting from the Striking Coil The Strike Climbing Proclivities Swimming Ability How the Rattles are Held Actions in the Water Tales of Swimming Rattlesnakes Danger from Swimming Rattlesnakes 6. Populations and Ecology The Importance of Ecological Factors Ranges Range Limits Altitudinal Range Island Habitats Population Factors Population Densities Effect of Dens on Population Estimates Rarity of Particular Species Population Trends Proportion of Rattlesnakes in Snake Populations Composite Populations Hibernating Dens and Their Uses Physical Character of Dens Den Populations Persistence of Dens Spacing of Dens Life at the Dens Animals that Hibernate with Rattlesnakes Aggregation and Dispersal Advantages of Aggregation Summer Ranges and Territoriality Accidental Dispersal. Migration 7. Food Kinds of Food Mammals Birds and Eggs Reptiles Amphibians and Fishes Arthropods Vegetable and Mineral Foods Methods of Securing Prey Variability in the Effect of a Bite Differences in Dealing with Prey Constriction Method of Swallowing Disgorging Prey Fatal Meals Reactions of Prey Food Requirements Frequency of Feeding Multiple Meals Water Requirements Feeding Rattlesnakes in Captivity Effects of Conditions of Captivity Dead Food Methods of Feeding Frequency of Feeding Seasonal Effects Individual and Species Differences Reactions of Prey Long Fasts 8. Reproduction Sexual Characteristics Methods of Determining Sex- Tail-Length Differences Male Organs Sexual Activities Birth Traveling in Pairs The Male Combat "Dance" Courtship and Mating Pattern Young Rattlesnakes Congenital Defects Young per Brood Maternal Protection and Association Activities 9. Poison Apparatus The Biting Mechanism Venom Manual Venom Extraction Toxicity Venom Utilization 10.The Bite and Its Effects The Nature of the Bite Bite or Stahl Bite Patterns Actions after a Strike The Snake-Bite Hazard Snake Bite Statistics Fatalities from Rattlesnake Bite in the United States Proportion of Rattlesnake Cases Ending Fatally Variable Factors in Snake-Bite Cases Illegitimate Bites Temporal Variables in Snake-Bite Cases Seasonal and Climatic Effects on the Gravity of Snake Bite Symptoms and Aftereffects Discussion of Symptoms by Categories Symptomatic Case Reports by Species Case Duration Causes of Fatalities The Symptoms of Crotalus durissus Bite Infection in Rattlesnake Bite Permanent Aftereffects Effect of Venom on the Eyes and Other Organs The Recurrence of Snake-Bite Symptoms Susceptibility, Resistance, and Immunity to Rattlesnake Venom Immunity to Snake Bite in Man Susceptibility of Domestic Animals Immunity in Mammals That Prey on Snakes Susceptibhility of Reptiles Effect of Rattlesnake Venom on Plants 11.Treatment and Prevention of the Bite The Treatments Proposed: Their History and Present Status Scarification, Incision, and Suction Excision or Amputation Cauterization The Tourniquet, Ligature, or Constriction Band freezing and Cold Packs Cures Derived from the Snake The Split-Chicken Treatment Milk Miscellaneous Animal Products Botanical Cures and Vegetable Products Oil and Fats Kerosene Inorganic Chemicals Mud or Earth Applications Snake Stones Narcotics and Stimulants Emetics and Purgatives Some New Drugs Veterinary Treatments Antivenin Preparation of Antivenin Specificity of Antivenins Use of Antivenin Recommended Treatment for Rattlesnake Bite The Prevention of Rattlesnake Bite How People Get Bitten
- Example Incidents Lessons to Be Learned The Rattlesnake in the Blankets How Illegitimate Bites Happen Multiple Bites Human Attitudes toward Rattlesnakes Snake-Handling Cults Murder, Suicide, and War Protective Devices The Human fear of Snakes The Effect of the Rattlesnake Threat on People's Actions Rattlesnakes and Domestic Animals Animal Fears of Snakes Stock Losses from Rattlesnake Bite Symptoms of Rattlesnake Bite in Animals Rattlesnakes and Dogs, Coyotes, and Small Animals 12. Control and Utilization Methods of Control Campaigns for Killing at Dens Traps Fences Gases and Poisons Encouragement of Competitive Predators and Enemies Elimination of Food Supply and Cover 237 Bounties Fires Traffic Casualties Methods of Catching Rattlesnakes Tools and Equipment Collections of Preserved Snakes Shipping Rattlesnakes Commercial Utilization of Rattlesnakes and Their By-Products The Live-Snake Market Snake Shows 2 Venom Rattlesnake Oil and Fat Rattlesnake Flesh as Food Skin Products Miscellaneous Products Photographing Rattlesnakes 13.Enemies of Rattlesnakes Mammal Enemies Bird Enemies Reptile and Amphibian Enemies King Snakes Other Snakes Miscellaneous Reptiles and Amphibians Miscellaneous Enemies Parasites and Diseases 14. Indians and Rattlesnakes Religion, Superstition, and Folklore Rattlesnake Protection and Appeasement Legends and Tales Miscellaneous Superstitions and Beliefs Dreams Protective Measures Repellents, Charms, and Taboos Immunization Societies and Ceremonies Dances and Exhibitions The Hopi Snake Dance Snake-Bite Treatment Plant Remedies Remedies Derived from the Snake Suction and Surgical Treatments Miscellaneous Cures Rattlesnake Shamans and Ceremonial Cures Ceremonial Details Tribal Protection from Snake Bite Handling Rattlesnakes Shamanistic Magic Shamanistic Fees Shamanistic Taboos Evil Shamans and Poisoners Miscellaneous Indian-Rattlesnake Relationships Rattlesnakes as a Cause and Cure of Disease War Uses, Arrow Poisoning Art and Ornamentation Indian Field Knowledge of Rattlers Rattlesnakes as Food 15. Post-Columbian Knowledge of Rattlesnakes 16. Myths, Folklore, and Tall Stories Myths of Venom and Snake Bite Temporary Removal of Venom Glands Effect of Death on Venom Virulence Effects of Biting on the Biter Venom Transmitted through Mother's Milk Preferences in Biting Transfer of Venom to Another Animal Strange Venom Effects How Rattlesnakes Catch and Eat Their Prey Charming Prey Licking Prey Mythical Foods Folklore Remedies Derived from Rattlesnakes Protective Methods and Devices The Protective Hair Rope The Infallible Shot Repellents and Amulets Mythical Creatures Giant Rattlesnakes Hairy Rattlesnakes Rattlesnake- Bull-Snake Hybrids Queer Actions and Attributes Rattlesnake Odor Rattle Myths Some Traditional Stories Rattler Encounters with Other Creatures Rattlesnake Pilot The Vengeful Mate Swallowing Young for Their Protection Mother Nourishing Young The Fatal Boot The Roadrunner's Cactus Corral The Cabin Built on a Den The Rattler and the Wagon Wheel The Child Feeds a Rattlesnake The Thankful Rattlesnakes The Deep Freeze Tribal Heroes Miscellaneous Beliefs and Folklore Incipient Myths Dreams Superstitions about Meeting Rattlers Rattlesnakes and Weather Miscellaneous Myths, Legends, and Stories Conclusion Bibliography Index
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