Poisoned arrows : the Stalin-Choibalsan Mongolian massacres, 1921-1941

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Poisoned arrows : the Stalin-Choibalsan Mongolian massacres, 1921-1941

Shagdariin Sandag, Harry H. Kendall ; with foreword by Frederic E. Wakeman, Jr.

Westview Press, 2000

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Includes bibliographical references and index

Description and Table of Contents

Description

Poisoned Arrows: The Stalin-Choibalsan Mongolian Massacres, 1921-1941 reveals to an English speaking readership for the first time the truth about the massacres conducted between 19211941 by the Stalinist KGB and its puppet Mongolian counterpart in converting the historic home of Genghis Khan into the world's second communist state and keeping it isolated from the world under Soviet domination for seventy years. Following "orders from Moscow," the Mongolian leader Choibalsan and the Soviet-Mongolian KGB ruthlessly executed all of Mongolia's top governmental and party leaders, the nation's most prominent religious and intellectual figures and tens of thousands of innocent citizens. This book is based on secret archival documents and other rare materials to which the public was granted access following Mongolia's 1989-1990 democratic revolution. } Poisoned Arrows: The Stalin-Choibalsan Mo ngolian Massacres, 1921-1941 reveals to an English speaking readership for the first time the truth about the massacres conducted between 19211941 by the Stalinist KGB and its puppet Mongolian counterpart in converting the historic home of Genghis Khan into the world's second communist state and keeping it isolated from the world under Soviet domination for seventy years. Following "orders from Moscow," the Mongolian leader Choibalsan and the Soviet-Mongolian KGB ruthlessly executed all of Mongolia's top governmental and party leaders, the nation's most prominent religious and intellectual figures and tens of thousands of innocent citizens. Among those killed were Dogsomiin Bodoo, first prime minister of the Mongolian People's Republic; Soliin Danzan and Ts. Dambadorj, chairmen of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Party; Prime Ministers Peljidiin Genden and Aandiin Amur, and Marshal G. Demid. The Mongolian security agency, under the guidance of the Soviet KGB, was also guilty of attacking and destroying Mongolia's unique culture. The Lamaistic religion was banned, lamas slaughtered, temples and monasteries destroyed and invaluable religious artifacts were stolen and transported to the USSR. The massacre of leading citizens in every community led to the decline of towns and regional centers and caused irreparable damage to productivity in the forcibly isolated country. This book is based on secret archival documents and other rare materials to which the public was granted access following Mongolia's 1989-1990 democratic revolution. The author's father was a victim of the massacres, adding a personal element to the story. Drawing on his experience as a member of a prisoner's family and interviews with other survivors and their families, Sandag describes the reign of terror conducted by the "Green Hats" of Mongolia's Internal Security Ministry and how the Mongols survived a time of fear and mistrust. }

Table of Contents

  • Table of Contents
  • Foreword: Frederic E. Wakeman, Jr.
  • Preface and Acknowledgments
  • Introduction
  • A Brief History and Description of Mongolia
  • 1. Democracy Versus Bolshevism and Communism
  • Dogsomiin Bodoo, prime minister, foreign minister. Executed in Mongolia
  • Dambiin Chagdarjav, head of provisional government. Executed in Mongolia
  • 2. Mysterious Decade: Controversial Deaths
  • Damdinii Sukhe-Baatar, minister of war and commander in chief. Poisoned?
  • The Eighth Jebtsun Damba, Khan of Mongolia. A disputable death?
  • 3. Execution of "Right Wing Opportunists"
  • Soliin Danzan, former commander in chief and chairman of the MPR Central Committee. An execution in haste?
  • Ts. Dambadorj, chairman of the MPRP. Mysterious death in Moscow
  • 4. "Leftist Deviation":A Soviet Idea?
  • E. Shijee, secretary of MPRP Central Committee. Arrested in Mongolia, executed in the Soviet Union
  • O. Badrakh, secretary of MPRP Central Committee. Arrested in Mongolia, executed in the Soviet Union
  • L. Laagan, chairman of the Little Hural. Arrested and executed in Mongolia
  • 5. The Massacre begins: Choibalsan Ascends in Power
  • The Lhumbe Affair, prelude to massacre. Interrogated in Moscow, executed in Mongolia
  • Peljidiin Genden, prime minister. Arrested and executed in Moscow
  • G. Demid, marshal, deputy prime minister, minister of defense, commander in chief. Poisoned en route to Moscow
  • 6. Rivals Executed, Choibalsan Becomes Prime Minister
  • Dovchin, chairman of Central Bank. Arrested in Mongolia, executed in the Soviet Union
  • Dansrangiin Dogsom, chairman of MPR Little Khural. Arrested in Mongolia, executed in the Soviet Union
  • Anandiin Amar, MPR prime minister. Arrested in Mongolia, executed in the Soviet Union
  • Darijaviin Losol, deputy internal security minister. Arrested in Mongolia, executed in the Soviet Union
  • 7. Execution of High Ranking Military Officials
  • 8. Destruction of the Lamaist Religion
  • 9 . Persecution of Mongolian Intellectuals
  • 10. A Family Tragedy
  • My father's arrest
  • the destruction of a frontier town
  • Life of a political prisoner's family
  • 11. Conclusion with a Denunciation and Endorsement
  • Afterword: A Note on Rehabilitation
  • Appendix
  • A. Sh. Togtokh: Not Just a Dream but History
  • B. Ch. Shiirevdorj: Oh World, Are You Not Satisfied with Human Suffering
  • {TT

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