Sharing the light : representations of women and virtue in early China

著者

    • Raphals, Lisa Ann

書誌事項

Sharing the light : representations of women and virtue in early China

Lisa Raphals

(SUNY series in Chinese philosophy and culture)

State University of New York Press, c1998

  • : hb.
  • : pb.

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注記

Includes bibliographical references (P. 309-332) and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

Sharing the Light explores historical and philosophical shifts in the depiction of women and virtue in the early centuries of the Chinese state. These changes had far-reaching effects on both the treatment of women in Chinese society and on the formation of Chinese philosophical discourse on ethics, cosmology, epistemology, and self-cultivation. Warring States and Han dynasty narratives frequently represented women as intellectually adroit, politically astute, and ethically virtuous; these histories, discourses, and life stories portray women as active participants within their own society, not inert victims of it. The women depicted resembled sages, ministers, and generals as the mainstays and destroyers of dynasties. These stories emphasized that sagacity, intellect, strategy, and statecraft were virtues proper to women, an emphasis that effectively disappeared from later collections and instruction texts by and for women. During the same period, there were also important changes in the understanding of two polarities that delineated what now is called gender. Han correlative cosmology included a range of hierarchical analogies between yin and yang and men and women, and the understanding of yin and yang shifted from complementarity toward hierarchy. Similarly, the doctrine of separate spheres (inner and outer, nei-wai) shifted from a notion of appropriate distinction between men and women toward physical, social, and intellectual separation and isolation.

目次

List of Illustrations List of Tables Acknowledgments Note on Transcription Abbreviations Introduction: Gender and Virtue Women As Intellectual and Moral Agents The Differentiation of Men and Women Contents 1. Women As Agents of Virtue and Destruction Women and Ministers: Ties That Bind Female Virtue and the Dynastic Cycle The Lienü zhuan The Intellectual Virtue Stories Heroization 2. Women As Prescient Counselors Instruction Sage Intelligence Benevolent Wisdom and Prescience Skill in Argument and Admonition Intellectual Virtue Stories in Other Warring States and Han Works Biographical Formulae Two Modes of Thinking? Conclusions 3. Demonic Beauties and Usurpatious Regents Warring States Legends of Destructive Women Empress Lü Virtuous and Vicious Consorts of Han Cheng Di Conclusions 4. The Textual Matrix of the Lienü zhuan Lienü zhuan Stories in Warring States Sources The Lienü zhuan Text and Its Attribution to Liu Xiang Conclusions 5. Talents Transformed in Ming Editions Ming Publishing Shifting Virtues Illustrated Editions Conclusions 6. Yin and Yang Yin-Yang As Two of Six Qi Yin-Yang As (Ultimate) Polarity Correlative Cosmology Conclusions 7. Yin-Yang in Medical Texts The Fifty-two Ailments and Mawangdui Medical Literature The Twenty-five Cases of Chunyu Yi The Huang Di neijing Conclusions 8. Nei-wai : Distinctions between Men and Women Zhou Norms in the Changes and Odes Correct Distinction between Men and Women Defines Civilization Conclusions 9. Nei-wai in Ritual Texts and Social Practice Subordination of Women Monogamy and Marriage Choice Physical Separation of Men and Women Names, Ranks, Titles, and Social Identity Intellectual Distinction between Men and Women Conclusions 10. Instruction Texts Ban Zhao's Admonitions for Women The Decline of the "Learned Instructress" Motif The Rise of Instruction Texts Conclusions Afterword Appendix 1: The Lienü zhuan Chapter Titles Dateable Incidents in the Life Stories Appendix 2: The Intellectual Virtue Stories Synopsis of the Intellectual Virtue Stories The Learned Instructress Motif Appendix 3: Vicious and Depraved Women The Destructive Women of Lienü zhuan 7 Biographies of Empress Lü Biographical Formulae in the Lienü zhuan , Shi ji , and Han shu Appendix 4: The Textual Matrix for the Lienü zhuan Chronology of Lienü zhuan Editions Provenance of the Lienü zhuan Intellectual Virtue Stories Appendix 5: Ming Transformations The Intellectual Virtue Stories in Ming Editions The Gui fan Reclassification of the Lienü zhuan Intellectual Virtue Stories Appendix 6: Yin-Yang in Warring States Texts Appendix 7: The Medical Cases of Shi ji 105 Summary of the Twenty-five Cases Treatment Methods and Outcomes of the Twenty-five Cases Appendix 8: Occupations and Activities Appendix 9: Traditional Reign Dates Bibliography Primary Sources and Collectanea Secondary Sources Index

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