Small-scale milling : a guide for development workers
著者
書誌事項
Small-scale milling : a guide for development workers
Intermediate Technology Publications, in association with the Stockholm Environment Institute, 1994
大学図書館所蔵 全2件
  青森
  岩手
  宮城
  秋田
  山形
  福島
  茨城
  栃木
  群馬
  埼玉
  千葉
  東京
  神奈川
  新潟
  富山
  石川
  福井
  山梨
  長野
  岐阜
  静岡
  愛知
  三重
  滋賀
  京都
  大阪
  兵庫
  奈良
  和歌山
  鳥取
  島根
  岡山
  広島
  山口
  徳島
  香川
  愛媛
  高知
  福岡
  佐賀
  長崎
  熊本
  大分
  宮崎
  鹿児島
  沖縄
  韓国
  中国
  タイ
  イギリス
  ドイツ
  スイス
  フランス
  ベルギー
  オランダ
  スウェーデン
  ノルウェー
  アメリカ
注記
Bibliography: p.108-109
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Traditional milling is a time-consuming and laborious task for rural women, and there is a great need to mechanize this operation. However, traditional milling practices have many nutritional advantages for children and women which are not associated with the new milling techniques and instead of being an improvement there is a great risk that improved milling will be a threat to vulnerable groups. This book is essential reading for anyone involved in milling in developing countries, and the target reader is the extension agent promoting improved small-scale milling techniques. The book can be used both as a manual and course material for training at a number of levels.
目次
- FOREWORD xi
- PREFACE xiii
- 1. INTRODUCTION 1
- Why Milling? 1
- Complexity of Choosing Appropriate Milling Techniques 1
- Need for a Manual in Small-scale Milling 2
- Approach 2
- The Target Reader 3
- The Content 3
- Definitions 3
- 2. THE CEREAL GRAIN 4
- Anatomy of Cereal Grains 4
- Nutrients in Cereals 5
- Purpose of Milling 5
- Phytic Acid 7
- Soaking 7
- Malting 7
- Fermentation 8
- Parboiling 8
- Type of Flour 9
- Recommendations on Flour Quality 10
- 3. ELEMENTS OF TECHNICAL CHOICE
- IN MILLING 12
- Case Study 1: TRADITIONAL MAIZE
- PROCESSING IN EASTERN PROVINCE
- OF ZAMBIA, AND MALAWI 12
- Background 14
- Traditional maize processing 14
- Comments 15
- Experience of sorghum and millet 15
- Case Study 2: MECHANIZED MILLING
- OF MAIZE IN EASTERN PROVINCE
- OF ZAMBIA, AND MALAWI 16
- Background 16
- Mechanized maize milling with hammermills 16
- Comments 16
- Experience of sorghum and millet 18
- Elements of technological choice in milling 19
- o Milling enterprises 19
- o Homestead milling 19
- o Customs milling 19
- o Large-scale commercial mills 20
- o Consumers' preference 20
- o Retail prices 20
- o Geographical distribution 21
- o Utilization efficiency 21
- o Composite milling 21
- 4. PROCESSING REQUIREMENTS OF CEREALS, CASSAVA, LEGUMES AND CONDIMENTS 22
- Wheat 22
- o Grain structure and composition 22
- o Wheat milling 23
- o Small-scale milling opportunities 24
- Maize 24
- o Grain structure and composition 24
- o Milling considerations 24
- o Small-scale milling opportunities 24
- Rice 25
- o Grain structure and composition 25
- o Milling considerations 26
- o Small-scale milling opportunities 26
- Sorghum 27
- Grain structure and composition 27
- Small-scale milling opportunities 27
- Millet 29
- o Grain structure and composition 29
- o Milling considerations 30
- Barley and Oats 30
- Cassava 30
- o Structure and composition 30
- o Processing considerations 31
- Legumes 32
- o Structure and composition 32
- o Processing considerations 32
- Condiments 32
- o Roots 32
- o Seeds 32
- o Bark 32
- o Dried whole fruits 32
- o Dried bulbs 32
- o Dried leaves 33
- Salt 33
- Bone Meal 33
- VI
- 5. MILLING PROCESSES 34
- Pre-treatments 34
- o Grain cleaning 34
- o Foreign material 34
- o Pesticide residues 35
- o Peeling and drying roots 35
- o Legume splitting 35
- o Moisture and drying 35
- o Cleaning 35
- Husk and Bran Removal 36
- o Manual husk and bran removal 36
- * Pestle and mortar 36
- * Dheki 36
- o Mechanized husk and bran removal 36
- * Abrasive disc dehuller 36
- * Steel huller 37
- * Centrifugal dehusker 38
- * Rubber roll dehusker 39
- * Under-run disc dehusker 40
- * Friction whitener 40
- * Cone whitener 42
- * Abrasive whitener 42
- Grinding 43
- o Manually operated grinders 43
- * Pestle and mortar 44
- * Saddlestone 44
- * Quern 44
- *Hand-operated rotary mill 44
- o Mechanized mills 45
- * Stone mills 46
- * Plate mills 47
- * Hammermills 48
- * Roller milling 51
- 6. SOURCES OF POWER 52
- Human Power and Draught Power 52
- Diesel Engines 54
- o Old-fashioned diesel engines 55
- o The modern diesel engine 55
- o The hot-bulb engine technique 56
- Electric Motor 57
- Water-mills 57
- Wind Power 58
- Battery-powered Mills 58
- Steam Engines 60
- Coupling Arrangements 60
- o Direct drive 60
- o Flat belt drive 61
- o V-belt drive 61
- o Centrifugal clutch coupling 61
- o Multiple drives 62
- vii
- 7. OPERATOR'S MANUAL FOR DIESELPOWERED
- HAMMERMILL 64
- Introduction (Case 3.1) 64
- The Hammermill Operation 64
- o Daily pre-operation tasks 64
- * Checking and filling of oil (Case 3.2) 65
- * Checking, filling and recording of fuel (Case 3.3) 66
- o Engine operation tasks
- * Starting and stopping of engine (Case 3.4) 66
- o Milling tasks 67
- * Milling and recording grain (Case 3.5) 67
- Post-operation tasks
- * Cleaning hammermill and shelter daily (Case 3.6) 68
- Hammermill Maintenance 69
- o Weekly maintenance tasks
- * Check and tighten selected bolts (Case 3.7) 69
- * Check and tighten beater bolts (Case 3.8) 69
- * Cleaning of air filter elements (Case 3.9) 70
- * Cleaning shelter and divider (Case 3.10) 71
- o Monthly maintenance tasks
- * Cleaning of cooling fins (Case 3.11) 71
- * Checking and adjusting V-belts (Case 3.12) 72
- o Maintenance tasks after 300hrs of operation
- * Greasing of mill bearings (Case 3.13) 73
- * Changing of oil and replacing oil filter (Case 3.14) 73
- * Changing of fuel filter element and cleaning of ceramic
- filter (Case 3.15) 74
- * Changing of air filter element (dry type) (Case 3.16) 74
- * Removing soot from exhaust silencer (Case 3.17) 75
- Hammermill Repairs
- o Removing and replacing of damaged screen (Case 3.18) 75
- o Turning or replacing beaters/hammers (Case 3.19) 76
- o Changing of damaged V-belts (Case 3.20) 76
- Major repairs
- o When and how to get outside repair service (Case 3.21) 77
- Management
- o Record keeping (Case 3.22) 77
- o Daily Repair Form (Case 3.23) 78
- o The Weekly Records Form (Case 3.24) 78
- 8. INSTALLATION AND SAFETY OF MILLING 81
- Installation and Layout of Equipment 81
- o Basic requirements 81
- o Hand-operated mills 81
- o Animal-powered mills 81
- Vlll
- Motor-powered Mills 81
- o Diesel engine 81
- o Electric motor 83
- o Steam engine 83
- Water-powered Mills 83
- Wind-powered Mills 83
- Safety 83
- 9. SUMMARY OF MILLING PROBLEMS 85
- 10. SMALL-SCALE MILLING MACfflNERY 87
- 11. MANAGEMENT 89
- Introduction 89
- How to Choose a Mill 89
- Comments 90
- Financial Costing 91
- o Pay-back method 91
- o Budgeting procedure 91
- Follow-up 93
- Case Study 4: MANAGEMENT 94
- o Daily Records Form 95
- o Weekly Records Form 96
- o Cash Book 97
- o Milling Project Description 98
- o Profitability Projection 101
- o Cash-flow Analysis 104
- APPENDIX 1: Glossary 106
- APPENDIX 2: Further Reading and Information 108
- References 108
- APPENDIX 3: List of Useful Contacts 110
- APPENDIX 4: Product Details 114
- Machinery Suppliers and Manufacturers 114
- Further List of Manufacturers and Suppliers 125
- APPENDIX 5: Sources of Illustrations 128
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