Sexual dimorphism of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the amygdala
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Bibliographic Information
Sexual dimorphism of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the amygdala
（Advances in anatomy, embryology and cell biology, v. 158）
Springer, c2000
- : softcover
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-76) and index (p. 77-78)
"With 44 figures and 24 tables"
Description and Table of Contents
- Volume
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ISBN 9783540672128
Description
The rapid development of molecular biology and genetics has led to renewed interest in embryology, comparative embryology, and studies of the relations between ontogeny and phylogeny. In fact, genes have been identified which are involved in the formation of shapes and structures, and it is becoming apparent that their primary morphological expressions are conspicuously similar in different species. The primarily identical shapes do not become diversified until advanced individualization of embryos, and it is here that it is possible to employ the knowledge of comparative embryology, the branch of science engaged in the study of the development and differentiation of tridimensional structures in different animal groups. However, comparative embryology has been neglected during the past decades, as its development has appeared to have been completed. In our opinion, the decreased interest in comparative embryology has been caused by the fact that often the time factor was not or could not be respected. In fact, in the case of embryos of wild animals even their ontogenetic age and sometimes the duration of intrauterine development are unknown.
Table of Contents
Introduction.-Length and weight of adults, life span.-Length and weight of newborn, ontogenetic patter.-Duration of intrauterine development.-Mating and calving seasons.-Calving intervals, duration of lactation.-Aims of this study.-Material.-Methods.-Staging.-Ageing.-Results.- Developmental stages in the dolphin species under study.-Development of body shape and fetal growth.-Development of head shape and its growth.-Development of thoracic limb (flipper).-Development of pelvic limb buds.- Development of the fluke.-Development of the dorsal fin.-Duration of intrauterine development.-Mating and Calving Seasons.-Discussion.- Comparison of the staging and ageing method with other methods.-Duration of intrauterine development and the mating and calving seasons.-References.-Index
- Volume
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: softcover ISBN 9783540676836
Description
Sex differences are observed in various physiological, behavioral, and psychic functions, including reproductive behavior, aggres sion, emotions, and cognition. Such differences are expressed even in early childhood with preferences to definite activities. It has been generally accepted that differences between genders are formed under the influence of biological as well as environmental factors. The existence of sex differences in functions of the central nervous system has suggested that there are also morphological sex differences. In recent years several reports on sexual dimorphism in the brain of vertebrates have been published. However, the mecha nisms of sexual differentiation of the central nervous system remain unclear in most cases. It is often difficult to correlate morphological sex differences to differences in definite function or behavior. We set out to explore the sexual dimorphism of the limbic system and especially the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the amygdala, which are considered generally to be occupied with the control of reproductive behavior and autonomic and compli cated psychic functions. Several reports on sexual dimorphism of these structures have been published. Some of them have been directed to the total neuronal number and the volume of the nuclei, while others have concentrated on definite subpopula tions of neurons. In many cases the mechanisms of sexual differ entiation were tested, but sometimes they could not be estab lished.
Table of Contents
Introduction.-Sexual Differentiation of the Brain.-Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis (BST).-The Amygdala.-Chemoarchitecture of the BST and the Amygdala.-Mediators of Reproductive Behaviour.-Materials and Methods.-Results.-Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis.-The Amygdala.-Localisation of the Nuclei.-Volumes.-Total Neuronal Density.-GABA-Immunoreactive Neurons.-Leucine-Enkephalin-Immunoreactive Neurons.-Sexual Dimorphisms of the CNS.-Summary.-the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis.-The Amygdala.-References.-Subject Index
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