Human sciences : reappraising the humanities through history and philosophy
著者
書誌事項
Human sciences : reappraising the humanities through history and philosophy
(SUNY series in science, technology, and society / Sal Restivo and Jennifer L. Croissant, editors)
State University of New York Press, c2000
- : hard
- : pbk
- タイトル別名
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Human sciences
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注記
Includes bibliographical references (p. 395-413) and indexes
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Human Sciences assesses the importance and value of the humanities historically and philosophically, and makes the case for treating them as sciences. Through careful examination of the characteristics they share with the natural and social sciences, as well as what distinguishes them from other scientific fields, the book argues that the humanities may be seen to correspond with the German/Latin Wissenschaft/scientia—that is, as systematic, organized bodies of knowledge, rather than as branches of knowledge that should necessarily emulate the quantitative and experimental approach of the natural sciences. After analyzing the humanities from historical and philosophical perspectives, the book presents a general philosophy of science that results from an analysis of the features that are shared by the humanities and the natural and social sciences, and then applies some of these insights to philosophical problems of particular relevance for the humanities, such as moral philosophy and the relation between art and cognition.
目次
Introduction
Some Fundamental Concepts
Part I: Institutions, Professions, and Ideas
Approaching the Humanities through their History and Settings
1
A Bronze Age Scribal Culture: A Sociological Fable with an Implicit Moral
Brain work and state formation
The first intellectuals
Scribal "humanism"
2
Classical Antiquity
The rise of philosophy
From the Sophists to Aristotle
The epoch of Hellenization
The impact of Christianity
3
The Middle Ages
An era of renascences
The Central Middle Ages (750 to 1050)
The age of the Liberal Arts
The rise of universities
Aristotelianism
The compromise
The fourteenth century
The post-medieval university
4
The Renaissance
Renaissance and Humanism
The wider context
Humanist scholarship, pedantry, and the humanities
A "Scientific Renaissance"?
5
The Early Modern Epoch and Classicism
A shifting centre of gravity
Courtly culture and classicism
From scientific to philosophical revolution
Scholarly and theoretical activity
The problem of the Baroque
6
The Enlightenment
The appearance of the "public sphere"
The Enlightenment movement and its workers
General themes and accomplishment
Philosophy redefined
Enlightenment and Revolution
7
The Nineteenth Century
The institutionalization of unbounded scientific quest
The German university reform and the humanities
"Positive knowledge"
Popularized science and popular science
Academic and non-academic humanities
8
Toward the Present: Scientific Humanities
9
Bibliographic Essay
Part II: Human Science and Human "Nature"
10
Cognitive Interests
11
Anthropologies
12
Theories of Created Man
Determination by the body
Environmental determination
Sociologisms
Weberian sociology: an example
Structuralisms
Functionalism
13
Humanity as Freedom
The early Sartre: freedom as an absolute principle
The elusive connection: freedom versus explanation
14
Toward Synthesis: Human Nature as Dialectic and History
Dialectic
Summing up
Part III: The Art of Knowing
An Essay on Epistemology in Practice
15
INTRODUCTORY OBSERVATIONS
Philosophy and the problem of knowledge
16
A Piagetian Introduction to the General Problem of Knowledge
Schemes and dialectic
The periods
Supplementary observations
The status of schemes and categories
17
The Nature and Demarcation of Scientific Knowledge
A pseudo-historical introduction to some key concepts
Empiricism and falsificationism
Instrumentalism and truth
Instruments or models?
18
A New Approach: Theories about the Scientific Process
Popper and Lakatos: theories or research programmes?
Theories falsified by theories
The limits of formalization
Kuhn: Paradigms and finger exercises
The structure of scientific development
Collective and individual knowledge
Two kinds of"logic"
Objections and further meditations
19
Truth, Causality, and Objectivity
Truth
Causality
Objectivity, subjectivity, and particularism
20
The Role of Norm
Logic and norms
Explanations of morality
Morality, language and social practice
Knowledge, norms and ideology
Value relativism and value nihilism
Institutional imperatives
Theoretical versus applied science
Further norms, contradictions, contradictory interpretations
21
The Theory of Interdisciplinary and Applied Science
Know-how and know-why
The acquisition of theoretical knowledge
The "Scientific-Technological Revolution"
Interdisciplinarity
Interdisciplinarity in basic research
22
Art and Cognition
Knowing about art
Knowing in art
Fresh eyes
Form versus contents
Gelsted and Epicuros
Art as thought experiments
"Realism"
Synthetical understanding and practical knowledge
Abbreviations and Bibliography
Name and Title Index
Subject Index
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