How scientists explain disease

著者

書誌事項

How scientists explain disease

Paul Thagard

Princeton University Press, 2000, c1999

  • paperback

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注記

Includes bibliographical references (p. [243]-257) and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

How do scientists develop new explanations of disease? How do those explanations become accepted as true? And how does medical diagnosis change when physicians are confronted with new scientific evidence? These are some of the questions that Paul Thagard pursues in this pathbreaking book that develops a new, integrative approach to the study of science. Ranging through the history of medicine, from the Hippocratic theory of humors to modern explanations of Mad Cow Disease and chronic fatigue syndrome, Thagard analyzes the development and acceptance of scientific ideas. At the heart of the book is a case study of the recent dramatic shift in medical understanding of peptic ulcers, most of which are now believed to be caused by infection by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. When this explanation was first proposed in 1983, it was greeted with intense skepticism by most medical experts, but it became widely accepted over the next decade. Thagard discusses the psychological processes of discovery and acceptance, the physical processes involving instruments and experiments, and the social processes of collaboration, communication, and consensus that brought about this transformation in medical knowledge. How Scientists Explain Disease challenges both traditional philosophy of science, which has viewed science as largely a matter of logic, and contemporary science studies that view science as largely a matter of power. Drawing on theories of distributed computing and artificial intelligence, Paul Thagard develops new models that make sense of scientific change as a complex system of cognitive, social, and physical interactions. This is a book that will appeal to all readers with an interest in the development of science and medicine. It combines an engaging style, significant research, and a powerfully original argument.

目次

List of FiguresList of TablesPrefaceAcknowledgmentsPt. 1Explanations1Ch. 1Explaining Science3Ch. 2Explaining Disease20Pt. 2The Bacterial Theory of Peptic Ulcers37Ch. 3Ulcers and Bacteria: Discovery39Ch. 4Ulcers and Bacteria: Acceptance56Ch. 5Ulcers and Bacteria: Instruments and Experiments71Ch. 6Ulcers and Bacteria: Social Interactions84Pt. 3Cognitive Processes99Ch. 7Causes, Correlations, and Mechanisms101Ch. 8Discovering Causes: Scurvy, Mad Cow Disease, AIDS, and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome118Ch. 9Medical Analogies135Ch. 10Diseases, Germs, and Conceptual Change148Pt. 4Social Processes165Ch. 11Collaborative Knowledge167Ch. 12Medical Consensus185Ch. 13Science and Medicine on the Internet199Pt. 5Conclusion217Ch. 14Science as a Complex System219References243Index259

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