Continuity and change in House elections

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書誌事項

Continuity and change in House elections

edited by David W. Brady, John F. Cogan, and Morris P. Fiorina

Stanford University Press : Hoover Institution Press, 2000

  • : pbk

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注記

Includes bibliographical references and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

For two decades, extending from the early 1970s to the early 1990s, elections to the U.S. House of Representatives were highly predictable. More than 90 percent of incumbents would seek reelection and more than 90 percent of those incumbents would win-by larger vote margins than in earlier decades. The once-dependable presidential coattail effect diminished, as one-quarter to one-third of all voters split their tickets, supporting presidential and House candidates of different parties. These trends helped the Democrats retain control of the House even while Republican presidential candidates won five of six elections beginning in 1968. An era of "incumbency and insulation" seemed firmly in place. Then came the 1994 midterm elections. The Republicans gained 52 seats in the House, taking control for the first time in 40 years. Incumbency appeared to have lost its semi-magical status as three dozen incumbents fell. Insulation, too, appeared to have failed, with all the losing incumbents being Democrats, most of them from districts where President Clinton had run poorly in 1992. But did 1994 herald a new era, or was it an aberration? In some ways, the 1996 elections, which reelected President Clinton, ratified the 1994 upheaval. Republicans retained control of the House, despite the decline of ticket-splitting as more voters aligned their presidential and House voting decisions. The 1998 election results added to the picture of a new era in congressional elections as the presidential party gained seats in a midterm election for the first time since 1934. Most of the essays in this volume closely examine these recent elections, documenting the erosion of incumbency and insulation, but pointing out important continuities as well. Other essays address the electoral consequences of political change in the South, majority-minority redistricting, PAC contributions, and the changing image of Congress.

目次

1. An introduction to continuity and change in congressional elections David W. Brady, John Cogan and Morris P. Fiorina 2. Reversal of fortune: the transformation of US house elections in the 1990s Gary C. Jacobson 3. Partisan changes in the Southern congressional delegation and the consequences Charles S. Bullock III 4. Money and office: the sources of the incumbency advantage in Congressional Campaign finance Stephen Ansolabhere and James Snyder 5. The electoral impact of majority-minority districts David Epstein and Sharyn O'Halloran 6. Public disapproval of Congress can be dangerous to majority party candidates: the uniqueness of 1994 John R. Hibbing and Eric Tiritilli 7. The nationalization of electoral forces revisited David Brady, Robert D'Onofrio and Morris Fiorina 8. Representation of constituency ideology in Congress Robert S. Erikson and Gerald C. Wright 9. Out of step, out of office: legislative voting behavior and House Election outcomes David W. Brady, Brandice J. Canes and John F. Cogan 10. Causes and consequences of issue emphasis by house challengers in the 1994 elections Richard Hess and David Leal 11. The electoral connection between party and constituency reconsidered: evidence from the US House of Representatives, 1972-94 Melissa P. Collie and John L. Mason.

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